Managing non-profit organizations Research Paper - 1

Managing non-profit organizations - Research reputation ExampleIn a nonprofit organization the output is the fulfillment of the communitys unavoidably without any profit and trained staff members.Management of a nonprofit organization is also different. It includes quartette steps picturening, developing, operating and evaluating (Kotler). Each step in turn includes other tasks. While planning, one has to plan for three different things strategy, resources and programs. Staff members carry out strategical planning to find out the boilersuit purpose (mission) and direction (vision and goals) for the nonprofit, in addition to the methods (values, approaches and programs) for the nonprofit to work toward the purpose and direction. The strategic planning be given offers input to all other major tasks in the organization, especially program planning and resource planning. Thus, if strategic planning is not done well, the entire organization can be unfavorably influenced. During progr am planning, the merchandise investigation (or inbound marketing) activities argon performed to recognize, for example, precise society requirements for the nonprofit to play off, what conclusions are desirable to meet those needs, what explicit groups of customers to provide, and how to serve them to accomplish those outcomes. Program planning makes available input to many other functions, such as resource planning (regarding staff, funds, and people), financial management, advertising and promotions, and also fundraising. Many problems commonly connected with fundraising and promotions are really the result of poor program planning. Planners (McNamara). Typically, resources include people, financial support, amenities, equipment, supplies, and even certain policies and procedures. Budgets usually are developed that contain listings of resources that are needed, along with the predictable costs to get hold of and support the recitation of those resources. Resource planning str aightforwardly influences the superiority of all operating

Technical choice of dam materials and their environmental impacts Essay

Technical choice of obstruct materials and their environmental impacts - Essay Exampleis indispensable that technological advancements alongside scientific innovations have immensely contributed towards reservation life what it is at present. The field of geotechnical engineering has not lacked behind either. As early as the twenty-five percent century BC, the Chinese had discovered that they could use bore fluids, which was in the form of water, to permeate grounds in such of hydrocarbons (Veil, J, 2002). A oil production fluid, in this respect, is a kind of fluid often used in drill boreholes on the earth surface such as water wells (Zupan, T, & Kapila, M, 2000). Over time, drilling of deeper and challenging wells necessitated improvements to be implemented in the drilling technology. This led to a somewhat change magnitude efficient and effective fluid for drilling (Wait, S, &Thomas, D, 2003). Since then, the drilling fluids have been adopted in drilling of the born(p) ga s and oil wells, as well as in exploration of the drilling rigs. Drilling mud, on the other hand, is a type of drilling fluid that is in the form of liquid. This liquid is often added into the wellbore to sanction in the drilling process (Talal, Y, & Al-Awad, J, 2004). It does so through controlling pressure, provision of buoyancy, stabilization of the given capable rocks, suspension of the cuttings, cooling the rock and making sure the rock is well lubricated (Stephenson, R, & Seaton, D, 2004). In essence, drilling fluids are vital elements for the whole drilling process that is for maximization of the convalescence, as well as reducing on the amount of time required to get the first oil. The drilling fluid falls into three main categories (Omar, A, & Al-Awad, J, 2002). They include water-based muds, non-aqueous muds and the gaseous liquid fluid. Water-based muds can either be categorized as discharge or... This paper Technical choice of dam materials and their environmental impacts seeks to unveil key issues on matters pertaining the link between, drilling fluid and oil recovery in homogenous reservoirs. It seeks to suggest better ways of utilizing the current drilling fluids in the recovery of oil, as well as future methods that are better suited in the exploration of oil. The Influence of drilling fluid on oil recovery literature contains results of many research projects that were contacted over a period of time. It is evident that the total number of such publications is quite overwhelming, although this does not basal that all the pertinent publication were look backed, though none of those that were applicable and useful to this work were excluded intentionally. Difficulties that were encountered in review of literature are an try on to develop the relationship between the two parameters. Initially there has been an attempt to quantify the existing relationship between the use of drilling fluid and the oil recovery in homogenous reservoirs. Most of these studies were centered on issues that are related with the offshore drilling operations earlier than how drilling fluid influences oil recovery on the homogenous reservoirs. In this study it is expected that the results auspicate that there is a positive correlation between drilling fluid use and oil recovery in homogenous rocks. Earlier works by Bobik, and Deneki, concluded that the use of drilling fluid increases the recovery of oil in homogenous reservoirs.

Same sex schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Same sex schools - Essay ExampleAlthough same-sex schools sustain the favour over co-ed schools in terms of academic excellence. Its disadvantages outweigh those advantages. For example in female same-sex schools, females feign not have to struggle with their gender identities and thus can concentrate on their schooling. Girls no long-run have to ask is my hair ok How does my makeup flavor Am I going to look like a geek if I answer another question Do I have to play sports to impress the girls (Fidelman) In contrast, adolescents in co-ed schools are always flooded with these issues on their reason instead of concentrating on their academic lessons which should be the most essential task (Fidelman).However, the disadvantages of same-sex schools are far much plenty than its advantages. Schools should be a training ground to en satisfactory the students to be ready for the real world. In the real world, not only female dominate the world. In same-sex schools, emphasis is usually on female role model. The students role models for best teachers are female, their role models for best athletes are female and the list goes on. Furthermore, wizard sex education is inconsistent with the goals of this nations public school system to develop an educated population able to transcend barriers of race and gender in society (Single sex education is an unwise policy).

Personal Profile of Para Medical Officer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal visibleness of Para Medical Officer - Essay ExampleThis attribute has helped me in overcoming the emotional trauma that is a norm of my field. I also think that it is a very fulfilling job because it gives me the opportunity to contribute towards the night club in a positive sense. Working as a paramedic gives me self-satisfaction, because I feel important, by helping others. I have strong aspirations for future. I plan to introduce a service to patients that is sound and convenient. I believe that good diagnosis systems should be available for the patients they are given proper treatment, which leave help them in their recovery. In order to achieve this, it is very important for me, to have correct systems and knowhow near the management issues of the large medical facility, which I am lacking at this time, but I am learning and will accomplish this goal one day. Over my academic career, I have collected basic knowledge in the field of paramedics. The focus of my studi es has been on providing emergency medical service in case of road incidents. My stronghold on this field helps me in better decision making in volatile conditions, while placing a premium on emotional stability. I have also do practical training which has been very helpful in the development of the ambulatory skills that are needed in a healthcare career. This training was focused on ensuring fewer errors in future. What I found about challenging about my degree was learning English, because, it is not my native language. Therefore, I had to face a bargain of problems in my degree because of it. But I had an interest in the medical field, so I had authoritative this as a quarrel and overcame it by discussing different concepts with experienced doctors on weekly basis. Another challenge that I had faced, was during my paramedic training, caused by witnessing the pain people go through in the case of tragedy, consequently it has taken me, a while before I had gotten acquainted with it.

Read Fast Food Nation. Identify the author's main argument. Find a Essay

larn Fast Food Nation. Identify the authors main argument. Find a theme that you plan to focus on in your analysis paper - Essay ExampleDown the way, the author reveals a load of ambitious and disturbing realities the unscrupulous tie between fast food and the giant of Entertainment Industry and the transformations in the patience that have formed in the production of food products and the standard of culture. While the book is shared out into two sections The American Way and Meat and Potatoes, there is one theme that really that is showing up convenience. As aforementioned, The Food Nation is divided into two sections. In The American Way, the author looks at the beginnings of the fast food industry within the framework of post World War II America. This describes how the topic of fast food cropped up and began to transform the food culture of America. In the Meat and Potatoes, the author investigates on the particular procedures of the fast food industry such as the develop ment of the chemical flavoring, combination of spices and the fund production the working conditions in related industries such as the poultry and the beef industries, and the worldwide placement of fast food as an American way for imperializing the fast food industry. ... entertainment industry, particularly Hollywood, in raking more par fall uponrs of the industry hence, a conversation between Ray Kroc and Walt Disney took place, pointing towards creating an integrated business model that would gain both industries. In this section of the book, the author besides places a significant emphasis on the specimen and most effective methods of commercializing the food industry, that is, by targeting the kids universe through Walt Disneys advertisements.4 The Food Nation also touches on the role of the food industry in providing jobs to the American People the fast food industry provides work for a large proportion of the American population (although most jobs pay low wages). many an(prenominal) fast food companies around the world are employing more employees than any other industry in America. This somehow implies of the growing fascination not just the American people but of the world population to the fast food industry. The contention of this review is the observation that the increasing attention to the food industry by the American people is driven by the deficiency of time. With the advent of the industrial era comes the continuing parsimony and increasing workloads in the workplace, causing more time constraints on the part of the American people. In unlike sectors of the American society, the concern for time is much on an upward slope there is a great need for convenience in terms of eating and relaxation. Considering the fact the deficiency of time is already an issue, many people already prefer to eat outside nevertheless, there are restaurants that are even worsened in time consumption than cooking your food in the comfort of your own home. Some restaurants would take customers considerable amount of time before they can be served. This is

Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems Assignment

Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems - Assignment causaWhat ar the similarities and differences of these two carcasss?Intrusion detection organisations are software exertions or devices that detects and monitors malicious activities of violations of policies provided. In addition, the application provides reports and information to management stations. The application has antithetical ways and mechanisms that may detect network traffic from different sources. In general, intrusion detection formations focus on detecting network incidences, logging information of users and inform log in attempts (Ross, 2001). Moreover, companies use the systems to monitor their existing certificate systems. This is done by detecting issues with security policies and creating documentation on existing network issues. In addition, the system may provide recommendations on how to update existing security policies.The main objectives of IDS are analyzing and monitoring system activities and u sers, taking part in system audits, analyzing the rubber of content used and required, detecting unusual activities and comparing partners to malware patterns. One major weakness of the system is that it must contain human operations which may hinder the effectiveness of automated functionality (Verma, 2008).On the another(prenominal) hand, firewalls are also used to increase the effectiveness of network security approaches. Firewall protects network security systems from get at from unauthorized sources. Verma (2008) is of the assumption that firewall protect security prior to their access. The author further points out that the security system relies on its ability to protect access and distortion before threat is launched. To increase the effectiveness of the system, they are regularly updated to be able to identify advanced network threats. Firewall security systems also ensure the safety of the network connection used in a business. With a protected security firewall detects both entranceway and outgoing packets.

HCM427-0801A-01 Human Resource Management in Health Care - Phase 3 Essay

HCM427-0801A-01 Human Resource vigilance in Health Cargon - Phase 3 Discussion Board - Essay Examplesecretary, we stick been told that she is no longer interested with her job since she strongly feels that all of her improvement suggestions are not taken seriously by the doctors. Based on the medical secretarys explanation, it is very clear that she is a leader in her own means because of her desire to develop improvement suggestions for the betterment of the health consider organization. In line with this matter, self-management serves as an effective intrinsic motivation on her part. (Graham & Unruh, 1990) It means that simple man-to-man supports such as a sincere acknoweldgement for her effort and determination to develop improvement suggestions is all she is postulation for.Basically, there are two types of rewards that could improve the job performance and satisfaction of the employees. These are the company rewards which are offered by the organization management and the one-on-one rewards which are being extended by the employees bosses. Traditional reward system such as compensation and promotions are slowly becoming ineffective in foothold of motivating the generation X and Y employees. (Craig, March-April 1989) Material rewards such as cash incentives could also end in demotivating the employees. (Anthony, Dearden, & Bedford, 1989 Cecil Hill, Spring 1989) Basically, the main reason why pay-for-performance concept fails to work is because in exchange with the money, the vainglory and job satisfaction of employees suffer.Eventhough extrinsic rewards such as increase in pay or grant given to employees could still be effective in some cases, a more recent get shows that intrinsic rewards / motivation such as congratulating the employees for a job well done either verbally, create verbally on a personal note, through public recognition, or implementing a celebration for success in work performance is more effective in motivating employees to i ncrease their work performance. (Graham & Unruh, 1990)The best way to retain and regain the job satisfaction of

Employment Laws Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employment Laws - Assignment ExampleHowever, if the individual that was sexually nark brought charges against Sean and he was found guilty than this case is a matter of public record. If a court of law of nature failed to find Sean guilty of sexual harassment than this is a breach of Seans confidentiality and he will control stupefy to action to a defamation of character civil suit against the company. The civil suit that would be filed would entailed slander. fit to Larons (2003), Slander involves the making of defamatory statements by a transitory (non-fixed) representation, usually an oral (spoken) representation (pp. 4). The char in question maybe found liable if it is proven that Sean is innocent of this crime. However, proving this woman liable is instead hard.Jim was fired for misappropriating funds. Determining if Jim had cause of action against his former company will depend upon the facts of the case. Does the company have evidentiary support that Jim misappropriated funds In further does this evidence support the notion that this was through on purpose and not a miscalculation Did the misappropriated funds occur on more than than one occasion All of these factors will determine if Jim has cause to action.Sean and Jims cases are similar as they both(prenominal) need the support of evidence in order to prove their case.

Enlightenment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Enlightenment - Term Paper ExampleThe Enlightenment followed the Renaissance and the Reformation periods of europium and is included in what has been termed the Age of Reason. Those who championed the Enlightenment such as Voltaire, John Locke, David Hume and Thomas Paine, among many others, ignore superstition, irrational thought and oppression by the ruling authorities which put them at odds with the monarchies of the cartridge clip and the Catholic Church. Enlightenment thinkers were primarily Deists who questioned the authority of church service institutions and whether their influence was a positive for society. Though non advocating the devolvement of religion, they embraced scientific analysis and rational conclusions based on evidence rather than the suppression of companionship long supported by the Church throughout the dark ages. Enlightenment philosophers sought to deliver flock from the constraints of religion and set the standard for secular morals and politics. To them, Christianity celebrated human suffering and poverty opus pr all(prenominal)ing undeserved forgiveness. The Church hierarchy was institutionally corrupt, their actions to oppress the common people appalling and impulse for power insatiable. Enlightenment thinkers thought themselves courageous for speaking out against Christianity which they thought was born from the decadent roman print Empire and responsible for ushering in the deeply superstitious and depraved dark ages. Expectedly, theologians of that time reacted negatively to the reason philosophers whose influence was growing among both intellectuals and the common man. (Eliot, Stern, 1979). Bishop Joseph Butler (1692-1752) among other church officials staunchly defended Christianity to the flock temporary hookup challenging the rational of deist thought. Butler stressed religion that spoke to the heart and not fill up by thoughts of the mind. The emotional backlash among the faithful to this heretical movement w as significant and extensive sparking a late movement in the opposite direction. Pietism, started by brothers John and Charles Wesley in 1738, stressed strict adherence to church teachings and that enlightenment was a tool of the Devil trying to poison peoples minds and lead them out-of-door from God. By the late1700s, pietism and rationalism were very much in conflict with one another. Advocates of each diametrically opposed position disagreed fervently on religious ideals. They did, however, concur on the matter of religious freedom. In addition, both pietists and rationalists felt they were outside the mainstream both feared persecution and acknowledged the blatant, historic abuses propagated by religious institutions. Interestingly, both movements, each considered radical for the time period, were considered similarly threatening to the state and church institutions which had an interest in maintaining the status quo. (Lewis, 1992). A few of the more progressive members of the clergy tolerated ideas born of the Enlightenment, a few even embraced many of the base philosophies. unluckily for the movement, various factions involved with the French Revolution distorted and misused concepts of the Enlightenment. Some, intent of banishing the Christian Church from France along with its oppressive tactics, did so under the banner of Enlightenment although none of the philosophers of the time advocated this overreach. As a response of this distortion, the movement was vilified by both

Data base Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

data base - Essay Exampleof units, covered semester and type of subject if major or minor type.1. shoot the breeze the NEW BUTTON then fill up the necessary information in the schoolbook box, later you finish the entry heel the Save Button.2. To open / edit the existing Module branched click the speech in the database listing then edit the information then click the modify or delete.Inventory MenuThis menu allows the user to add and sketch any inventory materials in a given room or facilities. This also help for easy monitoring of number of facilities and materials to be issued to cater members also.1. Click the NEW BUTTON then fill up the necessary information in the text box, after you finish the entry click the Save Button.2. To open / edit the existing Module double click the row in the database listing then edit the information then click the update loss or delete button.Registration EntryIn this window the user can view the students course with its corresponding subj ects and units informations given to them in a semester during the enrolment. In this, will load the entire mental faculty schedule of the student during the registration.1. Click the student button to select the student to register.2. Click the add button then a new row will be added to the msflexgrid data 3. Double click the row to select the mental faculty available.4. You can also navigate the available program on the lower occasion of this entry then you can click the load all button to load the entire module schedule in the student registration.5. After you finish click the save button Back UpIn case of database error arises theres a coverup database to restore.Choose the Folder where you will store you back up...In this, will load the entire module schedule of the student during the registration.Set rst = de.cn.Execute(SELECT stschedule.*,(Student.level) as rlevel,Student.height, Student.course, Student.depart, Student.level, Student.lname, Student.fname, Student.mname FRO M stschedule inner JOIN Student ON stschedule.idno = Student.idno Where stschedule.idno = & search1 & )

Intro letter to my teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

founding letter to my teacher - Essay ExampleFor example, using sophisticated jargons to a layman to describe something would non be very effective communication. Or, using a colloquial tone while writing to person who deserves more respect is hardly the best idea.First writing often needs a revision. I think while we are writing, we are simultaneously thinking ahead for the next word, line or paragraph. More often than not, this can easily lead to silly errors. This is where revising comes in handy. Also, it helps in by rights structuring the written work.I think one improves better if one knows what to work on. Self-reflection can bring in some ideas, but the best feedback is one that comes from the general public. I would greatly appreciate constructive blame of my writing style and look forward to improving upon it.The professionals in finance are engaged in several different activities. Some are bankers, some handle corporate finance for large and piffling companies, some are asset managers, and some specialize in advisory business and so

Emergency room overcrowding Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Emergency room overcrowding - Thesis Examplehe research w mischievously embroil the collection and analysis of primary and secondary data with an aim of determining the gravity of the matter, its impacts on assistant delivery, and to determine the best possible way to tackle this problem.Overcrowding of public and private facilities in different locations and regions is non an uncommon phenomenon. Unfortunately, when people overcrowd a facility or place, several negative things may happen. whatsoeverwhat diseases, for one, are easily spread from one individual to the other through the air. Yet again, overcrowding in numerous cases leads to inefficiency and those who are charged with the duty of providing service may be hampered in their bid to provide their brisk services as noted by Gupta, Sharma and Wickramasinghe (2005). Yet again, overcrowding may present vital opportunity to ill minded individuals to engage in certain unethical activities including pick pocketing as note d by moth miller (2010).Hospitals being places that are visited mainly by people from various diverse backgrounds have not been exempted from experiencing problems relate to overcrowding. In fact, the last couple of years have seen more emergency rooms facing overcrowding. This has conduct to health experts ringing an alarm over the risks that people expose themselves to due to this worrying trend.There may be many causes of overcrowding in the emergency room as noted by several experts in diverse fields. Some of these causes include higher acuity and need for more complex treatments in some hospitals, rising number of older patients, the existence of fewerer healthcare facilities and rising need for emergency cases agree to the Joint Commission Resources (2004). While a number of studies have been conducted with respect to hospitals and emergency rooms, very few have been conducted with an aim of addressing the problem of crowding.There are several causes of emergency room ove rcrowding most of which jakes be significantly eliminated through the realignment and

An oil dependent economy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

An oil colour dependent delivery - look Paper ExampleBrown points out many aspects in his article to support the fact that the uprise cost of fossil energy is driving the American economy back into its local communities. Every produce produced that ends up in the hands of the consumer is directly effected by the use of fossil fuels. Past decades of catchpenny(prenominal) oil has created this dependency which in turn has given rise to the way our society lives. There is approximately no limit to the distance that food can travel to the consumer. Many of the products that we consume daily travel from China, an emerging country, also, have seen a growing dependency on fossil fuels. In their effort to generate more capitalistic, backward agricultural methods have been replaced with modern machinery dependent on oil. Dependency on oil not only creates higher cost in food it also creates a constant extend of filthy air back into the environment. Therefore, with these notable fac tors, should the government make policies that drive the consumer back toward the local economy? Its a question of individual initiative in most instances, but most of us look to the government for guidance just as a child looks to its parents. Should the government be gnarled at all in the daily lives of the consumer? Policy is not treated in the same fashion, as are laws. Policies put forth to a society as a whole give suggestions and controlling influences that are more readily accepted by the majority. A policy is a more tactful way of achieving an end result without the rigors of law. Consider our food base hit Where do our foods originate? What are the safety factors involved in transporting foods from such long distances? What are the positive factors of focusing more on local grown foods? The Food and Water Watch states, Our current food system is broken, and it didnt happen by accident.

Corporate Profit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Profit - Research Paper Example$3178(in thousands) with the authentic sales of $7812(in thousands), whereas of district arrive two is $3058 (in thousands) with the certain sales of $74809(in thousands). The northeasterly high society with the sales of $6812 (in thousands) has actual rude profit of $2478(in thousands). This district, since it has third largest sales is expected that it would have third larges profit margins also, but it is not so. The other districts like district number 4 has much than profit margins, $2590(in thousands) than the northeast district. The graph below shows the parity of various districts considering actual gross profit of various districts. District number 4 has same number of sales representatives as northeast district. It is this figure which ahs compelled the country sales motorbus to appoint a untested district sales manager so as to increase the sales margins of the company in that district. The actual gross profit of distri cts 5, 6 and 7 argon $2372(in thousands), $2358 (in thousands) and $2260 (in thousands) respectively. Though northeast district higher kale than district 5, 6 and 7, yet considering its sales figure it is not high enoughdistricts. The analysis of these expenses is master(prenominal) because the actual profits of the company depend on these expenses. As clearly seen from the graph, district 2 has little expenses than district 3 i.e. north east district this in spite of district 2 having more actual sales and actual gross profit than northeast district. As the expenses increase profits are bound to reduce. This explains why northeast district is showing lesser profits compared to other districts with the similar actual sales. Of these expenses the district has $108(in thousands) expenses in the form of sales representative expenses. The main aim of the new manager would be to reduce these expenses. Selling expenses of the other countries are comparatively lesser than that of the no rtheast district. This has prompted the country sales manager to appoint the new sales manager for the district so as to reduce the expenses. Figure 34) District wise contribution to the Corporate Profit From the graph below it is clear that district 1 contributed $2401,168 while district 2 contributed $2355,308 towards the bodily profit. However since the northeast company higher expenses its contribution towards the corporate profits is $1740942. This is even lesser than the district number 4 which we had seen earlier had lesser sales than the northeast district. Contribution of district 4 is $1,893,694. Contribution of north central district, number 7, is surprisingly 2,019,484, which is much more than northeast district. The prominent reason behind this is that is has very low expenses $600516. This clearly shows again that the expenses of northeast company

A Journal opinion article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

A Journal opinion article - Essay ExampleThis has been the driver of social sites homogeneous facebook and twitter. The two issues are commanding a large market and thitherfore very important in scotch development. Many would agree that people want to feel happy. This is quite paradoxical in the economic perspective. Philosophers agree that specie is not the sole reason to happiness but rather it is just a means to fulfillment. Through research, it has been noted that the relationship between income in monetary terms and happiness or a feeling of fulfillment is quite complex. This seems partly affect by the fact that availability of coin enables one to afford re worldal facilities, holidays, retreats which are deemed to enhance a feeling of happiness. Some opine that having money doesnt guarantee a feeling of happiness. Therefore this has remained a subject to many economic researchers who settle to relate economics and community, or economics and sociology (Frey & Stutzer 63 ) In many countries today, job creation remains the precedence agenda to development. But how does this stimulate economic growth and development? For instance, having a majority of citizens unemployed fuels confederation vices alike(p) robbery, drug abuse, rape, due to being idle and frustration. From these findings, its right to say that job creation is a key aspect to a countrys economic development. This touches on Improvement of separate economic drivers as well. This may include industrialization. Job creation seems to be directly proportional to economic growth. Having a huge number of employees being paid by the governing translates to high wage bill. The government will spent more amount of money to settle the salaries and wages. This means more taxes to the citizens so as to raise the money. How job creation and happiness are related is a paradox and complex. The effect of economic growth in relation to happiness differs from one country to another. Nevertheless, we c an broadly categorize these into substantial and developing countries. In developed countries, majority of its citizens can comfortably afford basic needs like clothing, housing, food, medical care. However, this is a problem to citizens in developing countries. They barely afford three meals a day, trustworthy shelter, decent clothing, medical care and basic education. This may be a crucial parameter in determination of happiness. The two categories of citizens perceive economic growth and happiness differently (Frey & Stutzer 78) In developing countries, challenges face also include pollution, depletion of non-renewable natural resources and generally, environmental degradation. This seems to fuel and accelerate the incidence of disease. Epidemiological studies and findings show that there is higher disease prevalence in these countries. High deaths may be recorded and this translates to disillusion and unhappiness. From the scenario, the affected people will incur more expendi ture in pursuit of medical services and treatment. property flow will be altered at family level, cumulatively affecting the economic landscape of the undefiled community. Therefore the wellbeing of a person or group of people affects the economic development of the blameless niche. The aspect of social wellbeing and economic growth tend to intertwine. Politics is a major fixings to economics. Political stability or instability determines the investment patterns of a country. Leadership plays a role in public policy which may favor economic growth or derail it. Unstable governments lead systems tend to repel

Question and Quote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

irresolution and Quote - Essay ExampleThis action is to strengthen the financial structure of the country through the legislation of the individual institutions and the promotion of the interdependence of the financial firms and the participants of the financial system (Morgan Lewis Website, 2009, p.1 US Department of Treasury, 2009) The select for the value of the regulation of financial firms had been realized during the latest financial crisis due to the credit boom and housing bubble. This triggered the need for reformation of the financial system (Walker, 2009, p.1). The action of the US giving medication is an immediate response to the need of the nation. there are comments and criticisms on the limitations of the Financial Regulatory Reform. On a personal point of view, the US government made an immediate effort to act upon the financial crisis, thus, it is commendable. This hindered the worsening of the situation. At such a scam period of time, alertness had been a cru cial strategy. II.

Annotation of Toby Fulwiler’s “Provocative Revision” Essay Example for Free

Annotation of Toby Fulwilers rousing Revision Essay incitive Revision by Toby Fulwiler is an essay that talks about how he, as an experienced teacher of makeup, has exercise up with different techniques in the overlooked art of re-writing. His paper specifically discusses about where, when, and how to revise. To successfully do this, he presents four provocative suggestions to help students in revising their papers. These techniques argon check, adding, switching, and transforming. Limiting. Generalization is bad in writing. The cure for this, Fulwiler argues, is limit.Generalities do not have much appeal because most people already realize about them. What catches the readers attention ar details of things they already know. Telling details makes subjects come to life. Fulwiler further suggests limiting on time, action, scope, and focus. Adding. The natural thing to do in revisions is to add new tuition. Some techniques on adding are adding dialog and interviews. Adding dialog adds drama and appeal. Adding interviews, on the other hand, makes the paper more credible, especially when experts are sectionalisation of the interview.Switching. Switching involves re-writing the story by using a different approach or perspective. Sometimes, a vary in point of view makes a paper interesting. A change of voice changes the nature of the information and the way it is received (Fulwiler 165). Changing voice could mean changing the point of view from first to tercet person, from subjective to objective, and vice-versa. Transforming. Transforming involves overhauling the whole paper, making the way it is presented totally different from its preceding draft. Provocative Revision brush up/CommentsToby Fulwiler, establishes his credibility in the subject of revising by saying that he has been teaching writing for a long time a good technique to persuade an audience to listen to what he is saying. Despite his extensive experience in education, he humbly says th at his education is far from over. He alike says that despite him provoking his students to revise their papers, he makes sure that the students styles are kept. There is some truth in his views on worldwideization as a bad technique. Unfortunately, the world still has much to learn.Sometimes general things can be new to some people. Since Fulwiler has a specific audience in mind, his assumption is sound otherwise, he too is guilty of generalization. Another thing worth commenting on his subject on limiting is the way he makes limiting like tabloid writinghe says that details on personalities, problems, and scandals are interesting subjects. He presents a problem in his teachingstudents who dont do their birth work. He claims that by making students revise their work, he can make students (even those that dont do their own) do their own work.He fails to realize that the students who ask others to do their work for them may do the homogeneous thing with the revisions. Other than these, the rest of Fulwilers article is quite good he provides passages from his students work as examples for bad and good writing. The good news is that those that cancelled out to be bad examples at first, turned out to be good papers after some revision using the techniques presented. Work Cited Fulwiler, Toby. Provocative Revision. The St. Martins Sourcebook for Writing Tutors. 3rd Ed. Christina Murphy and Steve Sherwood. Boston, New York Bedford/St. Martins, 2008. 156-168.

Anselms Cosmological Argument Essay Example for Free

Anselms Cosmological Argument EssayAnselm seeks to explain the foundation of a greatest being, i. e. divinity. He approaches this working class not via our experience of the universe, but quite attempts to explain it solely based upon reason. Anselm attempts to prove the existence of paragon by providing us with a logical explanation, based upon our understanding, definition, and necessity of God. It is inconceiv qualified for God not to exist. on that point is a certain nature by dint of which everything that is exists, Anselm explains, is caused to exist by something. Everything that is, exists by law of something, and postal code is able to exist through and through nobody. The underlying assumption here is that things do not exist through themselves for on that point is no need for their being. Leading to conclude that it is implausible that anything at tout ensemble is able to exist because of nothing, and that nothing should exist because of something. Building upon earlier argument, Anselm concludes that whatever is does not exist except through something. Since, according to him, this preface is true and since, as pointed out earlier in his argument, everything that is exists either through itself or through something, there must(prenominal) be ace, or many, beings though which every last(predicate) things that are exist. Our existence and the existence of everything there is, so, must be explained by a lawfulness of a higher being, or several of them. Anselm identifies and explores several possibilities of existence of a higher being, or beings.He points out that there may be several beings, rather than champion, that are the ultimate cause of everything that exists, and presents one with his critical analysis of such idea. Anselm argues that if there is more than one of such beings then they themselves must exist either through (a) one being, (b) separately through itself, or (c) mutually through one another. If, he states, the se beings exist through one supreme being, then all things that exist cannot exist through more than one being. Following this premise, Anselm concludes that all things that exist must therefore exist through this one supreme being.If, however, there are many beings, which exist separately and each(prenominal) through itself, then there must be a certain power or position of brisk through self, by which they are able to exist. Building upon this premise, Anselm goes on to explain that it is because of this finicky power or property that each of these beings is able to exist. Thereby concluding that these beings exist by sexual abstention of one greater power, without which they cannot exist. Once again we are back to the same argument that only one being can exist, for plurality does not explain itself.Lastly, a third alternative proposed by Anselm deals with beings existing mutually through one another. He argues that such thought is contrary to reason. For, it is irrational t hat anything should exist through a being on which it confers existence. In other words, there cannot be a being that is a giver and a taker. That, which exists by its own virtue and is yet dependent on itself for existence. Taking all of the arguments and points stated above, Anselm concludes that there can only be one greatest being, i. e. God, and it is through him that everything that is exists.If everything that is, exists by virtue of something, and nothing is able to exist through nothing, then God simply cannot be conceived not to exist. God is that, which alone exists in the greatest and highest degree of all and nothing greater can be conceived. For, everything that exists, exists through this greatest being, but it alone exists through itself. One aspect of Anselms argument that stands out in particular is a premise upon which the whole argument is based. Explicitly, Everything that is, exists either through1 something, or through nothing.But nothing exists through nothi ng. For it is altogether inconceivable that anything should not exist by virtue of something. This, he holds to be the axiomatic truth. Once again, the underlying assumption here is that things do not exist through themselves for there is no need for their existence. Such things therefore cannot be the cause of their own existence. Therefore, it must exist by virtue of a greater being. BIBLIOGRAPHY S. D. Deane, (Trans. ), St. Anselm, Basic Writings (Second Ed. ), La Salle, Illinois Open Court Publishing Company, 1994.

Poetic Reflections on Mortality and Ephemerality Essay Example for Free

Poetic Reflections on mortality rate and Ephemerality EssayHave you ever hypothetically pondered the details of your own fatality? Every unmatchable covets a min of certainty that non umteen realities allow, exclusively mortality -while a glum concept- is a definite lot we will all ultimately encounter in our respective lifetimes. naught is to a greater extent predictable than finish. distributively of us will die without any need to take adventuresome risks. (Kelly, 1986). This is likely the reason fertile poets Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost have created quite similar themed poems using dissimilar imaginative slants in which they optimistically bewilder the topic of human universe transience. Death is a disheartening, tragic matter that not very many individuals quick wish to discuss. Because ephemerality is, however, an extremely ordinary notion to countless expressive artists, it is vital to notice the literary elements these renowned indites applied which s et such subject atomic number 18as apart from less potent pieces. The symbolism, tone, assonance, rhythm, and other literary techniques behind the elegies nobody fortunate Can Stay (Frost, 1969) and Because I could not knap for Death (Dickinson, 1893) fierily beg for further exploration.No matter which approach designers apply to such deviations, one truth dust the amount of life contained in the works by Frost and Dickinson is somewhat ironic to say the least. If you ensure the scenery described in literary pieces you read as if you are a participating, fictional character, you exceptionally possess The human power that shapes artistic expression (Clugston, 2010 a).Put in simpler terms, you runly have a vivid imagination Prodigious writers can and will effortlessly incorporate such imagery into their work by imploring the implicit values of society and culture(s). vigor Gold Can Stay by Robert Frost (1969) is unquestionably far from the exception as he connects the way l eaves grow, change, and die to our eventual death with ease. Frost wrote, Natures first green is gold, Her hardest hue to hold. (Frost, 1969). With the introduction of this allusive writing technique, he develops a clear yet slightly ambiguous mental picture for his readers to envisage. Of course, we know nature is not a soulfulness nor does have hands in which it could literally grasp a color.Hence, the meaning of Roberts words is emblematic and figurative. Sure, Mr. Frost could very well have written something resembling Beings age like leaves change colors. Instead, this brilliant poet was cognisant of the fact that generating embodiment versus the aforementioned simile delivers the most enticing reading experience to the earreach. In Because I could not stop for Death (Dickinson, 1893), the author similarly dishes out a full serving of tidy metaphors making this another comparable aspect to personification found in Frosts poem.At the very embark onning, Emily Dickinson refers to unescapable, human cessation as a chivalrous gentleman when she states, Because I could not stop for Death, He sympathetic stopped for me (Dickinson, 1893). The author is real being extremely facetious as a deliberate, artistic cunning in order to give life to the darkest of subjects. She selects to represent passing away in a more(prenominal) graceful process. It is a steady flowing motif continuing throughout the body of this work to propose up a concise, elucidating theme. From centuries beyond the grave, the narrator describes the peaceful process of her passing, in which Death is personified and escorts her in his carriage. During the leisurely ride, she passes many ordinary sights a school house, fieldsbut finally realizes that the ride will last for all eternity. (Chen Aull, 1993). Dickinsons sheer intention in this poem is depiction via exemplification. Her language is a quintessential representation of an allegory with more thought provocation than verit y.Again, readers should prepare themselves to observe a nonliteral or rhetorical scenario and focus on ascertaining the seriousness hidden behind a much more abstract meaning. Symbolism is another conceptualized, literary element featured in both stories despite being more prevalent in Nothing Gold Can Stay (Frost, 1969). Frost used the typical colors of nature (green and gold) imply symbols of spring, that reach as the appeaseing cycles of nature seasonally occur. Furthermore, he hints at a deeper meaning behind death a finis of transformational change.In order to appreciate this impression, Recall Socratess argument the state of death is one of cardinal things either the dead man wholly ceases to be and loses all consciousness or, as we are told, it is change and a migration of the soul to another place. (Deppman, 2000). He picked the color gold to symbolize the fragility and eventual insignificance of even our most valuable physical and emotional possessions. By his stateme nt, Then leaf subsides to leaf, So, nirvana sank to grief. (Frost, 1969), Frost selects to demonstrate the sorrow felt after loss of life as well as depicting an analogous allusion to the biblical Creation story.Whereas in Because I could not stop for Death (1893), Emily Dickinson poses a more unconventional attitude toward her own demise. In lines five through eight, she writes, We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put away, My labor, and my leisure too, For his civility. (Dickinson, 1893). When the speaker refers to his kindness and civility, she is articulating death as a slow, patient, and compassionate. She progresses from childhood, matureness (the gazing grain is ripe) and the setting (dying) sun to her grave.The children are presented as active in their leisure (strove). The images of children and grain argue futurity, that is, they have a future they also depict the progress of human life. (Unknown Author, 2009). Thus, the carriage ride actually symbolizes the act of abandoning her life and the memories it contained. She humbly revers death as the calm, quiet finally of incarnation. Dickinson even insinuated the approximate reality of visiting of her own grave when she wrote, We paused before a house that seemed, A swelling of the set up The roof was scarcely visible, The cornice but a mound. (Dickinson, 1893). Aging to the point of loss of life does remain the central theme inside both poems, but representations are a tad more evident in Frosts than in Dickinsons symbolic approach. Have you ever witnessed ones mood coggle completely? Authors generally try to maintain the same theme throughout one work. It is equally as important to discern the how the authors tones contribute to the clarity of each piece. Sometimes, whether done by the author accidentally or with intent, we observe a change in the mood(s) of a motif.While Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost reciprocally demonstrate the qualities of human temporariness, their tones are a lso diverse. By writing, Nothing Gold Can Stay (Frost, 1969), the abiding state of leaving this world is denoted in a matter of fact way. Frost does not in truth elude to his personal outlook on an afterlife, but focuses more on the cycle of life itself. Dickinson not only utilizes the same facet, but also takes it a step further when she states, Since then tis centuries, and yet each, Feels shorter than the sidereal day I first surmised the horses heads, Were toward eternity. (Dickinson, 1893). She began her countenance with succinct tenor that later becomes a bit clouded. Dickinsons audience receives a definite resolve rather than experiencing the need to imply ideals she holds about her faith. Each of these poems is incredibly whimsical, but Frost concisely manipulates the setting of nature giving his work the currency of application to any period in time. Sound patterns are another inspired technique both composers have exposed us to in the intricacy of their work. We automat ically follow the rhythm these superb authors display.For instance, Frost uses alliteration in Nothing Gold Can Stay when he writes, So dawn goes down to day. (Frost, 1969). The repetition of words that begin with a d is a strategy meant to make the thought stronger and more emphatic for readers. His rhyme dodging is comprised of modest, consonant couplets (non-alternating). Dickinson actually used the complete opposite effect. In her poem Because I could not stop for Death (Dickinson, 1893), she integrated the repetition of vowel sounds by presenting an alternating pattern of words known as assonance.Again, an example is unmistakable in the lines, We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put away, My labor, and my leisure too, For his civility. (Dickinson, 1893) and more specifically the poetic harmony of the words away and civility. With the rhythm in this poem, there is rhyme, but it has a much greater reliance on pronunciation. She may have started a trend in literary w orks as, Assonance is frequently substituted for end rhymes in modern poetry. (Clugston, 2010 b). The authoring style Frost exercised was extra simplistic, yet three-dimensional as well.Is it not an astounding conception to think of the distinguished artistry that must have went into two ostensibly austere compositions about the matching theme of impermanence? The fact that we cannot artlessly disregard the erudite adeptness and literate gifts of Dickinson and Frost is surpasses distinction. Even more significant than the expiry themes both versifiers applied is the front man of underlying secondary themes. Frost hints life as being golden, leading one to surmise he is saying to Carpe Diem or Enjoy the day. (Online Etymology Dictionary, 2010). Therein, he selects to show life has precious intrinsic worth. Even though there are purity and a biblical reference in Frosts Nothing Gold Can Stay (1969), his nature theme additionally highlights environmental/scientific characteristics. Syntax expended by Dickinson in Because I could not stop for death (Dickinson, 1893), in fact, alludes to a compassion and sympathy being felt for the persona. A prime example is her statement, The carriage held but just ourselves, And Immortality. (Dickinson, 1893).If the dramatic concentration of this author was to deliver a graceful reflection on her evolution, she was unequivocally efficacious. Some find it helpful to get an outsiders opinion of the depressing conversational topic of human immortality. While our passing lingers as a fully common subject for individuals to contemplate spiritual principles, authors have written pieces that include a plethora of other beneficial notions worth uncovering. Because I could not stop for Death (Dickinson, 1893) is exquisitely illustrated by Emily Dickinson and venerated as an allegoric requiem with assonance that produced solid imagery.Likewise, Robert Frost impeccably regulated Nothing Gold Can Stay (Frost, 1969) to communicate symbo lism with a classic form of consonance that is painless to identify. two literature icons fine-tuned those components with figures of speech, personification, and tone and themes, rhyme schemes, and other literary techniques all requiring immense, prior critical thought in Nothing Gold Can Stay (Frost, 1969) and Because I Could Not Stop for Death (Dickinson, 1893).They expel an airwave of chirpiness that renders as a refreshing and unique outlook encompassed in positivity. These poetic mavens wanted their audience(s) to derive a deeper message about making the most of our lives. Two notorious, inspirational pieces of literature are calling upon us to take some risks and make an impression before we take our last breathe.

Symbolism in Hardys Essay Example for Free

Symbolism in Hardys hearSymbolism in Hardys faraway from the madding crowd Hardy uses striking symbolism in the novel Far from the madding crowd to serve his purposes and attain the desired effects on the reader. The memorable descriptions of the great vitamin B, the sword scam and the storm- ar all enriched with eloquent symbolism. It makes the events vivid before us and broadens the scope of the novel. In the opening chapters, Gabriel spies on Bathsheba ridiculously from behind a hedge, commenting on her vanity. He beholds Bathsheba though a hole, tending her aunts cows, in a birds warmheartedness view.From the loopholes of his hut, he watches her engaging in tomboyish antics on her horse. All these symbolize Gabriels limited view signal and his candid temperament. In chapter 2 ,, Hardy presents a magnificent description of Norcombe hill. The stately progress of the earthly concern is contrasted to oaks special power of quiet energy. The innocent and helpless stirring s of the new-born lamb and the movements of the stars and the earth are contrasted to symbolize the valetudinarianism of human existence. In chapter 5, The landscape of Norcombe Hill seems symbolize Gabriels utter despair.The moon takes the form of an attenuated skeleton in the cupboard and the pool shimmers like ahead mans eye-nature seems to intertwine with Gabriels despair. Against the colorless background of the river and the wall. Fanny is contrasted as a innocent shade upon the earth. This symbolizes her nullity and despair. Hardy also uses the framing device to symbolize Fannys weakness. She gazes up to converse with troy weight framed in a window of his barracks . The white color of the snow mixing with the sky symbolizes the fixing of Boldwoods passion .The queer preternatural inversion of light and shade reflects the absurdity of his intense emotional state. The sheep-shearing prospect at the barn abounds in rich symbolism. The shearing operations that have non been mutilated for massive years are contrasted to the adapted to changes coming to the lives of the main characters of the novel. The detailed descriptions of the activities done in the great barn for each sheep symbolizes the declining prospects of Oak, the rising hopes of Boldwoods mind and the comments made by the rustics -all basing on the same lady.There is also cozy symbolism in this same chapter. The appalled ewe is subdued by Oak and Bathsheba regards the ewes sheared pink scrape resembles a lady who blushes at the insult . the ewe emerging from the its fleece is compared to the Goddess of love which symbolizes the sexual intensity of Oaks savage passion. Gabriel, piqued by Bathshebas growing intimacy with Boldwood, injures a sheep in the groin-the entire scene symbolizes Oaks harmful sexual impulses toward Bathsheba. troys thorn entangles with Bathshebas serve-it symbolizes the trap of flattery which would be prepared by Troy for her.The spur is the symbol of sex and the dress of Bathsheba is a symbol of femininity -the male aggressive masculinity has trapped femininity. However, the scene of the sword work out contains the greatest symbolism in the novel. The hollow in which the sword play is performed evokes the sexual potential of the race between Troy and Bathsheba. The setting is depict with rich feminine imaging that sets up the erotic nip of the entire tone of the entire scene while Bathsheba herself is passionately excited .Time and impersonate are made clear at once and so is Bathshebas desire for male domination . The sword is use here as a symbol of male virility . At different points ,Hardy uses striking imagery to link man and sword -Troy raises the sword amid the fading sunlight , which gleamed a sort of greeting, like a living thing Troy is methodical and controlled ,the whole atmosphere is turned meteoric and charged . Troy demonstrates the murderous and blood-thirsty cuts of which the sword is capable .Then he splits a caterp illar upon her embracement which glisten towards her bosom and ,seemingly entered it . Troy wins and Bathsheba is quite overcome having her passions spent . Troy takes off her lock of hair as a trophy. Troy departs in a flash , like a brand . The simile symbolizes the harmful nature of the passion he has aroused. The storm scene in chapter 36-38 contain rich symbolism. The flashes symbolize the blinding truth of Bathshebas predicament and her womanish folly. But the relation between her and Oak strengthens as the thatch begins to conceals the Ricks.And when the storm comes, it is described with extended imagery ,the mailed army of lightning springs like a serpent , with the shout of a deuce . Hardy uses such imagery to convey the forces of nature hostile to human beings . The scene of chapter 44 is significant as it indicates Bathshebas return to the same hollow where sword-play was performed by Troy. The aforesaid hollow is now turned into a malignant swamp. The swamp is the sy mbol of utter despair into which Bathsheba has fallen . The symbolism goes far deeper as Bathsheba had seen the place before when she was captivated by Troy at the sword play.At that time , the ferns were soft , feathery arms caressing her feet but now they are withering fast and the hollow is a glasshouse of pestilences . The two different states of the hollow reflects the two opposing states of mind and suggests the outcome of marriage with Troy . right off she has understood the implications of her marriage and she herself and reputation are fused as the leaves rush away in the breeze. This symbolizes Nature as a stark force and implies that the parallel between Nature and human mood should not be pursued by man.

Dependent clause Essay Example for Free

Dependent cla subroutine Essay explanation The make out of turning an original or starting time schoolbook into a text in a nonher diction. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES Direct Translation Techniques be customd when structural and conceptual elements of the source wrangle can be transposed into the target run-in. Direct deracination techniques include * espousal * calque formation * erratum Translation Borrowing Borrowing is the taking of explicates directly from one language into another without translation. For example software, funk. position in addition borrows numerous words from other languages abbatoire, cafe, passe and resume from French hamburger and kindergarden from German bandana, musk and sugar from Sanskrit. Calque A calque or loan translation is a develop borrowed from another language and translated liter all toldy word-for-word. Examples that have been absorbed into English include standpoint and beer garden from German Standpunkt and Biergarten breakfas t from French dejeuner.Literal TranslationA word-for-word translation can be used in some languages and not others dependent on the sentence structure El equipo esta trabajando para terminar el informe would translate into English as The team is working to finish the report. Sometimes it works and sometimes it does not. And one sentence can be translated literally across languages does not mean that all sentences can be translated literally. El equipo experimentado esta trabajando para terminar el informe translates into English as The experienced team is working to finish the report (experienced and team are reversed). roundabout Translation Techniques Oblique Translation Techniques are used when the structural or conceptual elements of the source language cannot be directly translated without altering message or upsetting the grammatical and stylistics elements of the target language. Oblique translation techniques include * Transposition * Modulation * Reformulation or Equivalen ce * Adaptation * Compensation Transposition This is the serve where part of speech change their sequence when they are translated. It is in a sense a shift of word class.Grammatical structures are often different in different languages. Transposition is often used amidst English and Spanish because of the preferred position of the verb in the sentence English often has the verb near the number 1 of a sentence Spanish can have it closer to the end. This requires that the translator knows that it is possible to replace a word category in the target language without altering the meaning of the source text, for example English Hand knitted (noun + participle) becomes Spanish Tejido a mano (participle + adverbial phrase).Modulation Modulation consists of using a phrase that is different in the source and target languages to convey the selfsame(prenominal) idea Te lo dejo means literally I leave it to you but translates better as You can have it. It changes the semantics and shifts the point of view of the source language. Through modulation, the translator generates a change in the point of view of the message without altering meaning and without generating a sense of embarrassment in the reader of the target text. It is often used within the same language.The contemplations es facil de entender (it is easy to understand) and no es complicado de entender (it is not complicated to understand) are examples of modulation. Reformulation or Equivalence hither you have to express something in a completely different way, for example when translating idioms or advertising slogans. The process is creative, but not always easy. Adaptation Adaptation occurs when something specific to one language tillage is convey in a totally different way that is familiar or appropriate to another language culture. It is a shift in cultural environment.Should pincho (a Spanish restaurant menu dish) be translated as kebab in English? It involves changing the cultural reference when a situation in the source culture does not exist in the target culture (for example France has Belgian jokes and England has Irish jokes). Compensation In general terms compensation can be used when something cannot be translated, and the meaning that is lost is bespeak somewhere else in the translated text. Peter Fawcett defines it as making good in one part of the text something that could not be translated in another.One example given by Fawcett is the problem of translating nuances of formality from languages that use forms such as Spanish informal tu and formal usted, French tu and vous, and German du and sie into English which only has you, and expresses degrees of formality in different ways. WORD It is one of the units of speech or writing that native speakers of a language usually regard as the smallest isolable meaningful element of the language, although linguists would analyze these further into morphemesThere are eight different kinds of words in the English langu age. Nouns Pronouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions Interjections NOUNS and VERBS are the most common and most essential. each English sentence MUST contain a NOUN and a VERB. NOUNS name people, places, things, ideas. They are always anomalous or plural. They are always common or proper. They may show ownership. PRONOUNS replace nouns. They have person, number, and case. ADJECTIVES calculate nouns. They answer three questions Which one? What kind?How many? VERBS have three jobs show action, act same(p) an equals sign, or hang around a main verb to show tense. They also have person, number, and case. ADVERBS describe verbs. They answer four questions When? Where? How? How Much? PREPOSITIONS tell anywhere a mouse can run. CONJUNCTIONS connect things. INTERJECTIONS jump into show emotion. censure it is a sequence of words capable of standing alone to make an assertion, ask a question, or give a command, usually consisting of a subject and a predicate cont aining a impermanent verb. Kinds of sentences.Simple Sentence it is a sentence having no coordinate clauses or subordinate word clauses. Complex Sentence it is a sentence composed of at least one main clause and one subordinate clause. Compound Sentence it is a sentence composed of at least two coordinate unaffiliated clauses. Phrase it is a group of words forming an immediate syntactic constituent of a clause. Clause it is an expression including a subject and predicate but not constituting a complete sentence. Pre-modifier is a word (or words), usually adjectives or adverbs, that comes before the word that it describes.Basic auto-changers * Adjectives * Adverbs * Prepositional Phrases More Modifiers * Degree Modifier * Presumptive Modifier * Summative Modifier Post-modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that functions as an adjective or adverb to limit or qualify the meaning of another word or word group. Adjective Order Adjectives can be used to describe lots of things, from p hysical size, age, shape, colour, material, to more abstract things bid opinion, origin and purpose. We can use adjectives together to give a detailed description of something.Adjectives that express opinions usually come before all others, but it can sometimes depend on what exactly you want to emphasize. For instance That nice, big, blue bag. (You like the bag. ) That big, nice, blue bag. (You like the colour. ) When adjectives are together there is a general rule for the position of each type adjective, these are Position 1st* 2nd* 3rd 4th 5th 6th seventh 8th Opinion Size Age Shape Colour Material Origin Purpose courteous Small Old Square Black Plastic British Racing Ugly Big untried Circular Blue Cotton American Running.

Lim Goh Tong Essay Example for Free

Lim Goh Tong Essay undefeated business are ofter managed by what type of leaders? Successful business are ofter managed by leaders who know how to mobilize their human resources (HR) to produce better products and dish out compared to their competitors. b) How can a change of mindset can be the pre-requisite step for building and real entrepreneurs to hold fast in the business?A change of mindset can be the pre-requisite step for building and existing entrepreneurs to stay in the business because it having a positive mindset and to step up efforts to deal with ageless changes and challenges in a highly competities market place. c) What are the strike factors to be considered in the exercise? The call factors to be considered in the exercise are entrepreneur must be smart and resilient in mobilizing all its resources, including HR to move towards common goals and to deal with challenges that affect the business.It requires the creation the creation of a more(prenominal) r obust and knowledge business culture with people that deeply understand the business environment. d) What are the key factors to be considered in the exercise? The key factors to be considered in the exercise are considering knowledge as a factor that can make a distint difference and identifying emerging key and new method acting of conducting business and making it more competitive. e) What the factors to achieve entrepreneurial success to sharpen a companys competitive adge?The factors to achieve entrepreneurial success to sharpen a companys competitive adge depends on the ability to attract, retain and develop competent people continuously. f) Why is having lead ability is important? Having leadership ability is important because it stand in good stead for the entrepreneur to help worker in problem-solving as well as to provide guidance on the right work ethics and increase the employee performance. g) How to be a successful entrepreneur? To be a successful entrepreneur , unm atchable should chip in the ability to plan, arrange and control the business in every aspect. .Based on your understanding, give one example of successful entrepreneur in Malaysia. That constributes a lot in Malaysia economy. Give the strength of his (her) product/service. Lim Goh Tong is classic story of a rag-to-riches story. He migrated from China mainland in his youth. And as fate would have it, the cardinal later became friends when he was on his way to build Genting. From the day he was born until his death, Lim Goh Tong did not talk English, he only communicated in Chinese and Malay language.But his language barrier did not counter him from negotiating one of the largest contracts around. Financial. His strength could be seen from his early age involved in petty trade. He eer keeps some of his revenue for future used and increases his capital. 2. Intellectual . Lim Goh Tong ever did a survey and made a feasibility study whether to project to be taken really produce pro fit or loss. He will not close the deals unless money back guaranteed. 3. Location .Choice of location is gave him ahead of others. Genting amend was built to encourage local people to enjoy breezy environment near Kuala Lumpur. 4. Diversification on Product Offered. Genting Group has diversified from its initial hotel and resort activities to plantations, properties, paper manufacturing, power generation, oil and gas, electronic art and information technology development under Genting Group. 5. Government Rule and Regulation. Genting was extremely advantage after political science announced in October 2002 to restrict development of highlands.It will create no competition for Genting Group on their resort business. 6. Product Diversification . Lim Goh Tong knows to play his card. He is not dependent on his Casino business. He has Conglomerate Company dealing in Star Cruise, Property Development, Education, Construction, Oil and Gas, Investment, Plantation, Independent Power dili gence and Hospitality. He has well diversified revenue and will not worry on economic slip if collapse in certain industry. 6. Favorable access to distribution net works.Lim Goh Tong relationship with all the primordial Minister of Malaysia make his job easy. He received a pioneer status from Tun Abdul Razak on his Genting business. In 1976 the status was extended another year by Tun Hussin Onn through Tan Sri Mohd Noah who is in-law to Razak and Hussin Onn. 7. Market Trend. Lim Goh Tong always follow the trend from his early involvement in construction industry. After WW2 he bought all idle heavy machinery and reconditioned it before it was sold to tin miner and rubber Estate Company for their rehabilitation work.

The withered arm Essay Example for Free

The wi thered arm EssayIn Tony Kytes, Tony comes crossways as a bit of a player. This is because he asks all three women, all of which have had connections with Tony, to marry him, even though he is enmeshed to unitary of them Milly Richards. Tonys attitude to espousals could be that its not really that important to the men of the 19th century, and that getting married is just to say that they are married. This is suggested when Tony is rejected by Hannah Jolliver and Unity Sallet, but Milly accepts again, just for the baron to say that he is married. However, the womens attitude to marriage was mainly that they had to get married for the social status. This is shown well through with(predicate) Millys acceptance to Tony. When Tony asks Milly, she replies with If you like, Tony illustrating how shes not very keen on marrying him after what just happened, but will anyway because she wants to be married. Unity Sallet comes across as an independent woman, which tail assembl y be mirrored in todays times. She says take her leavings? Not I, meaning that she doesnt want to marry someone that was rejected not one minute ago. Because she walks away from Tony, this can symbolise her independence because it shows how she doesnt always study a man there in her life. This colligates to nowadays because some women never marry in their whole lives, because they believe they dont need a man in it. In The Withered Arm, Farmer Lodges attitude to marriage is that marriage is for having children and carrying on the family name.Proof of this is after Gertrudes change from beauty queen to ugly duckling as Hardy describes Farmer Lodges realisation she had brought him no child, which rendered it likely that he would be the last of a family who had occupied that valley for some twain hundred years. This shows my point because it illustrates how he knows that hes it, that hes the end of the line for the Lodge name, and how he isnt very pleased that his married woman has nt given him a child. Farmer Lodge also bases marriage on appearance.This is implied through beauty was twist and disfigured because it shows how he has fallen out of love with Gertrude ever since her arm had the curse bestowed upon it. Gertrudes attitude to marriage is very much the same of that to Millys in the Tony Kytes. This is because both Gertrude and Milly wanted to be married for the social status. From both characters, its subtle that they only want to be married for the status, but if you look close enough you can find it.Milly says if you want, Tony as though she only wants to marry him for the status and Gertrude says that lad stared at me, also comes across as though she is happy with the attention she gets from her new marriage. Both stories have varying attitudes to marriage, but they link together sometimes. For example, Gertrude and Millys attitude to marriage is the same. Both stories attitudes link with todays attitudes to marriage because Unitys character doesn t really need a man so dont need to be married, and neither do plenty of woman in this time, and legion(predicate) men dont see marriage as a big deal, which is like Tonys attitude to marriage.

Unless We Acknowledge The Past Essay Example for Free

Unless We Acknowledge The Past EssayIn 1967, facing divided military councils and serious domestic help opposition to the Vietnam War, the Defense Department commissioned a team of analysts to prep atomic number 18 a mystifying convey of how the united States became involved in the war. The study was intended to give Americas leadership an authoritative, clinical account of the war. Parts of the secret study were leaked to the smart York Times in 1971, and the newspaper began publishing reports establish on these materials. The regimen sued to enjoin publication, but the United States Supreme Court ruled that the publication could proceed. The New York Times then published a series of articles with supporting documents, which it later issued in book pee as The Pentagon Papers. The remarkable feature of The Pentagon Papers is its objectivity. Those who prep ard the original study had unlimited access to administration documents. Their goal was objectivity. Their work was to be secret, so that they were free of concerns about playing to a public audience. That the governing sought to bar publication lent an added imprimatur of candor to the report.In their articles, the New York Times reporters strove for a similarly objective style. Chapter 5 of The Pentagon Papers shows that at a critical juncture, Americas leaders lied to the nation. In 1964, presidential candidate Barry Goldwater promised to get tough with communism. Seeking re-election, President Lyndon Johnson campaigned as a moderate. 1 The Pentagon Papers show that Johnson was secretly widening the war in Vietnam throughout 1964. To do this, he ordered an increasing range of assaults against North Vietnam.When the North Vietnamese finally responded by attacking American destroyers off their coast, Johnson blasted these attacks as unprovoked. He asked Congress for a joint resolution approving increase American participation in the war. A supine Congress complied. With the publication of Th e Pentagon Papers, Congress would discover how tout ensemble it was misled. (Sheehan) Meanwhile, America plunged ahead, fighting in a country where it spends were racially unlike the indigenous people, did not intercommunicate the native language, and misunderstood the culture. The Los Angeles Times recently account another coverup.Stories beginning August 6, 2006, reported that the American military knew of killings of civilians in Vietnam, and concealed this information for nearly 40 years. These included several massacre of civilians. Servicemen reported these during the war, only to have the military throw up smoke screens of denial. As in The Pentagon Papers, the Los Angeles Times articles are based on a recently disclosed secret archive detailing attacks on civilians. These documents show that the military frequently issued denials it knew were untruthful, wrongly impugned the credibility of those who reported atrocities, and otherwise strove to maintain secrecy.Again, the credibility of the documents is boosted by the governments stubborn efforts to keep them secret. One story in the L. A. Times recounts how a young soldier watched as American soldiers carried out gruesome orders to kill anything that moves. (Turse) There was no evidence that any of the nineteen Vietnamese who were killed were combatants or that they resisted the Americans in any way. Confronted with the reports that these soldiers told, the Army suppressed the truth for nearly forty years. (Turse) The United States is now at war in Iraq.As in Vietnam, this is a war of occupation, fighting insurgents from indoors the indigenous population. American forces are racially distinct from the native peoples. They do not speak the language. They are unschooled in the culture. Already there are reports of killings of Iraqi civilians. Responding, a retired General who helped assemble the secret archive, John H. Johns, supports the disclosure of the incidents in Vietnam in light of alleged i ncidents in Iraq, saying . We cant channelize current practices unless we acknowledge the past.

Tsarist Regime Essay Example for Free

czarist Regime EssayHow successful was opposition to the tsarist regime mingled with 1861 and 1881 in achieving its aims? There was a great deal of opposition to the tsarist regime betwixt 1861 and 1881 and many were successful. The opposition came from the liberal disposed(p) intelligentsia who were determined to change what they believed to be change and inhibiting Russian ways. The Populists, who aimed to win over the peasantry to their socialist ideas by stirring up their resentment of the Tsarist Autocracy. Although there were very few intelligentsia, their size and influence grew in the 1970s collect to the culture of the law courts, as a result of reform. These courts produced an unexpected crop of professionally trained lawyers, who were ready to question and challenge Russian autocratic practices. They were determined to change what they believed to be outmoded and inhibiting Russian ways. Some of the younger generation, who were influenced by the Nihilists, want ed to sweep away everything from the past so a new society could be born.The St Petersburg Zemstvo almost immediately demanded a central body to co-ordinate the regional zemstva, but the tsar disagreed with the proposal. However, the increase in repression from 1866 onwards only increased the zemstva demands for constitutional change and heightened school-age child idealism and determination. This shows that they were successful in challenging the tsar even when he stood firm against the proposal and they were sufficient to put pressure on for change. This ideology was thereafter aimed to persuade the peasants and fuel their resentment towards the Russian autarchy by the Populists. Sergei Nechyev, a radical of peasant extraction inspired a roach of young revolutionaries, the Chaikovsky circle, which produced many pamphlets and smuggled in books officially banned in Russia.This, in turn, led Pyotr Lavrov to lead a group of around 2000 young men and women, mainly from the nobility and intelligentsia in 1874 and go to the nation. They became known as the Populists. The populists aimed to win over the peasantry to their socialist ideas, by stirring up their resentment against the escape of land and the heavy tax burden they still carried, despite emancipation. They believed that the future of Russia depended on land redistribution and the development of the peasant commune. The movement did succeed in carrying out some assassinations General Mezemstev, head of the Third percentage in 1878, as was Prince Kropotkin.What worried the authorities in particular was the public sympathy won by such assassins and the way they seemed able to escapewith popular put forward. There were even some talks between the Zemstva and the Populists to try to place more pressure on the Autocracy for constitutional reform. This shows that they were successful in gaining support from the public for their actions. However, both the populists and the clerisy were not always success ful in their opposition to the tsarist regime.The Intelligentsia didnt really achieve much, especially what they set out to do. Even though they gained some magnate and ploughed on pressure for constitutional change, they were not able to change the outmoded and inhibiting way of Russia. When the Zemstvo demanded a central body to co-ordinate the regional zemstva, the tsar stood firm against this proposal. They were not able to change the Russian state in anyway and were not granted more individual freedom. Furthermore many of the Populists, who try to influence and win over the peasantry with their socialist ideas, were arrested in the autumn of 1874, 1600 of the total 2000 to be precise. They tried to cut up and talk like peasants to persuade the villagers of their importance to Russian society.However, the peasants ignorance, superstition, prejudice and deep-rooted loyalty to the tsar ensured they were arrested. From this you can see that many peasants were loyal to the tsar a nd did not believe and want revolution, they were unwilling to take back socialist ideas and challenge the tsarist regime. In conclusion, I believe the opposition was successful in achieving its aims between 1861 and 1881 because the Intelligentsia were able to demand constitutional changes which they could not do before because they lacked knowledge and determination. Moreover, the populists were able to overtake away with assassinations and this worried the authorities as these assassins gained a lot of public sympathy and escaped due to public support. Even though they struggled, in the end they still achieved some changes and this shows the opposition were successful in achieving their aims against the tsarist regime.

Psychological Disorder Analysis Essay Example for Free

Psychological Disorder Analysis EssayMarla is a 42-year-old Hispanic female who comes to the amiable health clinic complaining of having trouble sleeping, sprightlinessing jumpy all of the time, and experiencing an inability to concentrate. These symptoms cause problems for her at work, where she is an accountant. As a psychiatrist I would need to diagnose Marla with the proper disarray, condone in make wateration about the diagnosis, and contend possible treatments with her. It would be near impossible to make an accurate diagnosis without more information.First, I give clinically assess Marla by asking her a few questions without her realizing right away that I am trying to diagnose her from the second she enters my office. I will ease into the conversation to gain more penetration before she notices what I am doing. I would desire to provide a brief interview of how I would expect it to go, given the disorder that I absorb diagnosed. Hello, Marla. I am Joy Wardrip. I ts a pleasure to meet you. Will you put me a little bit about yourself? Marla would likely maintain herself, tell me that she is an accountant.She would go on to tell me how she has been feeling anxious for a bit and how it really distracts her from her work. She would tell me how she has trouble concentrating and that too is affecting her work. She would likely be a bit emotional, perhaps teary-eyed as she expresses her frustration with the occurrence of these recent symptoms and how she would like to symptoms to be let offed and to go away. She may even express how she wants to feel normal again. I understand your frustration and it is ok to feel frustrated. How long ago did you notice a change in your behavior?Marla would let me be that she had been feeling this way for the past six to cardinal months. She would also tell me that she cant remember anything that has happened in her life to explain the anxieties that she was feeling. She would tell me how she would like for t hings to go back to the way that they used to be. How is your relationship with your parents? Marla would describe a great upbringing. She would explain how she is actually close to both of her parents. She would go on to describe her childhood, which was handle and torment free. She would speak of umteen dear memories with her parents and how she is an only child.She would go on to tell me that she was quite spoiled and had no bad memories of being a young girl. Is there any mental illness that runs in your family? Also, have you forever been diagnosed with any disorders or are you on any type of medication? Marla would tell me that no psychological disorders were apparent in her family and that she is not currently taking any medication. She would tell me that she had only just recently went to her family doctor to question her symptoms and that the doctor recommended that she speak with several(prenominal)one to find the root of her troubles and to explore the possibility of her having a disorder.She would tell me that is why she came to see me. What was life like before you mat up the symptoms that you have described to me? Marla would respond with how she was always truly happy, always smiling. She would tell me how she lived a worry-free life and was very social. She would discuss how she had many friends and how she enjoyed her work. She would describe herself prior to the symptoms as someone who was very optimistic and upbeat. She would then go on to say that she only just cognise that it had been quite a while since she had gone out and dined with any of her friends.Have you suffered any type of damage? This can take anything from your past that caused you great pain or suffering mentally or physically. This could be an accident, death of someone close to you or abuse. Marla would bring up her childhood again and remind me that it was abuse free. She would also let me know that she had never been in a car accident, aside from a annex bend er which really caused no damage to herself or her vehicle for that matter. She would tell me that she had been a victim of an quake years ago but that it didnt seem to affect her anymore.She said that she was a bit agitate after the seism but that she had moved passed it almost effortlessly and that she hadnt even really position about the incident in some time. I would like to go back to something that you mentioned earlier. You said that you hadnt gone out in a while, are their certain situations that you try and avoid because of your anxiety? Marla would explain that she didnt like going to work. That she was missing several days because she felt uncomfortable in her office.She would explain that the more that she called in the less motivated she got to go and that it was really causing a problem for her at the workplace. She would tell me that she was afraid if something didnt give, she would be fired. She would tell me how she wanted to leave while working because she felt claustrophobic, as though she needed to get some air or go clear her head. You mentioned that you have been having trouble sleeping here lately. Can you tell me a little more about that? Do you know of anything that may have lead to the trouble sleeping?Marla would tell me that she had been having trouble sleeping end-to-end the night. She would let me know that she didnt struggle to get to sleep she just had trouble staying asleep. She would let me know that it was really irritating her and that it was affecting her at work. She would tell me that she wasnt arriving late to work but that she didnt feel that she had gotten enough rest when she got to work and that she felt very tired during the work day. Do you a lot have dreams that recur often or do you have nightmares often?Also, how often do you combust and remember your dreams and what do you remember about them? Marla would likely tell me that she didnt dream often, nor did she have nightmares. She talent say that perhaps she doesnt remember the dreams once she has awakened. However, Marla would share with me that she often felt very shaken and jumpy after having waken up. Had this taken place, I may suggest that she keep a daybook by her bed so that she can record anything that she remembers about her dreams and how she is feeling upon waking up.Have you ever experience flashbacks? This is when something seems very real and the images are very clear. Perhaps you have experienced feelings similar to the feeling that you felt during the earthquake that we discussed earlier? Marla would tell me that she really struggled with flashbacks following the earthquake, but that she hadnt had any experiences with them from some time. She would tell me that it had been a few years since she had experienced them. Following the interview, I would likely diagnose Marla with deport Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).I would explain to her that it is a incapacitating anxiety disorder that is experienced by people w ho suffer traumatic events. I will explain that these events can be related to to warfare, rape, abuse, car accidents, or in her case, an earthquake. I would explain that the traumatic event can produce many characteristic symptoms which she has described to me, such as flashbacks, inability to concentrate, insomnia, and changes in emotions. Finally, I would explain the origin of the disorder by using the cognitive model of psychology. According to this model, one must understand human thought process to understand its behavior.When people show abnormal behaviors many theorists look at cognitive problems. These problems can include illogical thinking processes and maladaptive assumptions. I would then try and help her to realize what she is doing and how she is responding to the trauma of the earthquake so that she can later focus on changing her faulty ideas and thinking processes for a form of treatment. This treatment would be achieved through a series of therapies in which I t each her to calm herself and defend her emotions and behaviors (Comer, 2005).

Body Sensor Network: A Modern Survey Performance Study

em body detector interlocking A Modern Survey Performance Study abbreviationAs because of modern emerging technologies, low reason integ treasured circuits and tuner confabulation has enabled a brisk generation of demodulators net cultivate. The incorporation of these sensing elements networks in Health cargon is very popular and plays a vital place in breath breaking situations. The deployment of supervise hardw are incorpo straddled with various wireless(prenominal) standards plays a list role in regard to interoperability, invasion privacy, sensors validation selective teaching consistency and interference associate issues. The finish of our paper is to make a comparative study in realm of modern wireless trends much(prenominal) as Bluetooth, Wi-fi, Zigbee and Wibree and related facets.Index Terms- radiocommunication Body theatre network, Zigbee, Wi-fi, BluetooothINTRODUCTIONNow a days, Wireless Sensors intercommunicate (WSN) has becomes a assured technology in the realm of advanced finishs. The one of its latent seat is in the form of unguided biomedical sensor network to determine physiological sign. Wireless Body battleground Network (WBAN) is a unguided network put ond for interaction among sensor nodes in or ab bring out the homo body in order to supervise critical body parameters and activities. These supervising signs are collected by a personal server, e.g. PDC or Smart phones which acts as a sink for the study of the sensors and conduct them to caregivers for proper health supervising.The personal server have nearly memory in which some results are arranged which it gives to the patient at the time of emergency it acts like a feedback, if the situation is non take by the PDC then it transfers the signal to caregivers by unguided media. There are different issues highlighted in the employment of WBAN technology. This survey executes a atomistic review on pronominal investigations that emphasis in procured related facts i n WBAN as well as WLAN. This paper is arranged into the different parts which provides a improvident introduction of WBAN and WLAN and look out attri thoes of pronominal differences between them and fetch attributes of WBAN and pulls customary architecture and handle postulates in WBAN and besides intercommunicating much on security measures issues, we shall also see the features of short range wireless techniques and compare them according to their performance. And at last gear up related investigations in security uncase for WBAN.ATTRIBUTES OF WBANWBAN is a communication network between merciful and computers through wearable devices. To establish a interaction between these devices, unguided sensor network and ad hoc network techniques may be used. The tiny sensor senses the signals from the body and send it to the processor through unguided media1. But due to some emblematic features of WBAN trustworthy protocols create for these network are not always feasible to favour WBAN. To favour this level, TABLE 1 modifies the general differences between WSN and WBAN23.WBAN was introduced from real WSN (WPAN) technologies4. WPAN is a personal study network using unguided impropriety consistently within a short range ( Basic requirement of WBAN include the requirements of WPAN, such(prenominal) as low power, low selective information rate unguided sensors network standard Zigbee. Despite the fact that Zigbee does not fetch major(ip)ity of core technical requirements of WBAN features and the for a standard circumstantialally designed for WBAN. Diagnosticate the great grocery store potential and rapid technological enlargement in this field. The IEEE is ongoing an 802.15.6 standard optimized for low power WBAN favouring at a entropy rate from 10Kbps to 10 Mbps1.The exclusive endowment compared to majority of core WPAN are as followsWBAN is a small scale network rather than WPAN is a relatively short range communication technique inclusive the communicatio n in or on a human body with the upper limit range of (A sense topology is basically used WBAN where communication is organised in the warmheartedness of sensor nodes and is directly linked to a master node. Despite, it cigaretnot always meet the desired authenticity requirement. thence a star-mesh hybrid topology extends the fashionable approach and creates mesh networking among central coordinates in multiple star networks.Gadgets incorporating WBAN are firmly limited in their computational capabilities and required scalable completion data rate upto10Mbps, and power consumption upto40MW.selective information that are detected, collected and transmitted in WBAN is comparatively sensitive extremely secure and confidential.Gadgets of WBAN closely surround the human body to consist of its transportation system are highly safety requirements.ACCUSTOMED ARCHITECTUREThe proposed wireless compass body network for health monitoring unified into a border multitier medicine system in this architecture ,WBAN is compared to other wireless network. In physical body 1 a WBAN compared with other types of wireless network2. Each type of network has a typical change technology, defined by IEEE. A WPAN used IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) or 802.15.4 (zigbee) , a WLAN uses IEEE 802.11 (Wi-fi) WMAN IEEE 802.16 .The communication in a WAN ordure be established via satellite links. As declared before , admitting challenges faces by WBAN are in many ways similar to WSN, there are elemental differences between the two requiring especial(a) attention.Network and Complex Systemswww.iiste.orgISSN 2224-61 OX (Paper) ISSN 2225-0603 (Online)pnVol.3, No. 1, 2013-Selected from Inter national collection on Recent Trends in Applied Sciences with Engineering Applications IISTeIn TABLE 2, a schematic overview of differences between WSN and WBAN is stipulation 234.TABLE 2SCHEMATIC ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WSN AND WBAN IS GIVENCHALLENGESWSNWBANScaleMonitored environment (m/km)Hu man body (cm/m) customer numberMany redundant nodes for wide area coverageFewer, limited in space outlet accuracyThrough node redundancyThrough node accuracy and robustness guest tasksNode performs a dedicated taskNode performs multiple taskNode sizeSmall is preferred, but not importantSmall is essentialNetwork topologyVery apt(predicate) to be mend and staticMore variable due to body movementData ratesHomogeneous mixedNode replacementPerformed easily, nodes crimson disposableReplacement of implanted nodes difficultNode lifetime some(prenominal) years/monthsSeveral years/months, smaller battery capacity mogul supply approach pathible and liable(predicate) to be replaced to a greater finish easily and frequentlyInaccessible and difficult to replace in animplantable trimtingPower demandLikely to be large, might supply easierLikely to be lower, energy supply more difficultEnergyscavenging sourceMost likely solar and wind powerMost likely motion(vibration) and thermal (body heat) BiocompatibilityNot a consideration in most applicationsA moldiness for implants and some external sensorsSecuritylevelLowerLowerHigher, to protect patient informationImpact of data wrongLikely to be compensated by redundant nodesMore signifi can buoyt, may require additional measures to encounter QoS and real-time data deliveryWirelessTechnologyBluetooth, Zigbee, GPRS, WLAN,Low power technology requiredImpact of data lossLikely to becompensated by redundant nodesMore significant, may require additional measures to ensure QoS and real-time dataENGROSSSMENT OF WBANWe classify demand of WBAN into two categories i.e. system and security. Further detail is described in the following subsection.A.System exigencyThis subsection provides brief description of system requirements that viewed in three different aspects such as type of devices, data rate and energy.Types of devices.Sensor node A device that responds to and gathers data on physical catalyst processes the data if necessary an d reports this information wirelessly. It consists of several components which are sensor hardware, a power unit, a processor, memory and a transmitter or transceiver.Gateway It gathers all the information acquired by the sensor nodes and informs the users. The components area power unit, memory and transreciever. This device is also called a body control unit(BCU),body gateway or a sink.Monitoring Server It is consists of database for data storage and processing and analyzing software for delivering system intended services.Data ratesThe reliability of the data transmission is provided in terms of the necessary bit error rate (BER) which is used as a measure for the number of packets lost. For a medical device, the reliability depends on the data rate. Low data rate devices can cope with a high BER while devices with a higher(prenominal) data rate require a lower BER. The required BER is also dependent on the criticalness of the data.EnergyEnergy consumption can be divided into th ree domains sensing, communication and data processing25. Despite, the energy consumption for communication is more than computation in WBAN. Further, higher security requirements usually correspond to more energy consumption for cryptographic operations.B. Security RequirementsThe security and privacy of patient-related data are two innate components for the system security of the WBAN. By data security, it means the protection of information from wildcat users while data being stored and transferred and data privacy means right of individuals to control the collection and use of personal information about themselves. Security and privacy issues are raised automatically when the data is created, transferred, stored and processed in information systems8. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) mandates that, as the sensors in WBAN collect the wearers health data (which is regarded as personal information), care needs to be taken to protect it from unauthori zed access and tampering911. Because WBAN systems and their supporting theme are operated with extremely stringent constraints, they present a greater challenge in the areas of throughput, data justice and data security when compared to traditional clinical systems. The security mechanisms employed in WBAN for the later need specific features that should be taken into account when designing the security architecture. Thus, the system needs to comply with the following major security requirements as in TABLE 3 4810.TABLE 3 MAJOR SECURITY REQUIREMENTS IN WBANMajor security requirementDescriptionData storage security requirementsConfidentiallyPatient-related data should be kept confidential during storage periods. Especially, its confidentially should berobust against node compromise and user collusion. encryption and Access reserve List are main methodsproviding data confidentiality.IntegrityassurancePatient-related data essential not be modified illegally during storage periodsDe pendabilityPatient-related data must be quickly retrievable when node failure or data erasure happens.Data access security requirementsAccess control (privacyA fine-grained data access policy shall be enforced to prevent unauthorized access to patient- related data generated by the WBAN.AccountabilityWhen a user of the WBAN abuses his/her privilege to carry out unauthorized actions on patient-related data, he/she should be identified and held accountableRevocabilityThe privileges of WBAN users or nodes should be deprived in time if they are identified as compromised or behave maliciously.NonrepudiationThe origin of a pick of patient-related data cannot be denied by the source that generated it.Other security requirementsAuthenticationThe sender of the patient-related data must be authenticated, and injection of data from outside the WBAN should be preventedAvailabilityThe patient-related data should be accessible even under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.WBAN APPLICATIONSThe WBAN application targeted IEEE 802.15.6 standard are divided into medical and non medical application as given in fig.2. Medical application include collecting vital information of a patient constantly and forward it a remote monitoring station for further analysis6. The huge amount can be used to prevent the occurrence of myocardial infarction and treat various diseases such as gastrointestinal tract, cancer, asthma neurological disorder. WBAN can also be used to help people with disabilities. For ex retina prosthesis, chips can be planted in human eye to see at an comely level. Non medical application include monitoring forgetting things, data file transfer, gaming and social networking application. In 7 gaming, sensor in WBAN can collect coordinate movements of character in the same, ex- moving cricket player or capturing the intensity of junky in tennis. The use of WBAN in social networking allows people to exchange digital profile or note allows people to exchange digital prof ile or business card only by chill hands.Fig. 2. WBAN applicationsRELATED RESEARCHSeveral research groups have been developing the implantable or wearable devices for health monitoring in WBAN communications. However, these researches mainly localize on building system architecture and in lesser extent on developing networking protocols. Besides, it is difficult to realize solutions providing security for WBAN and security has generally been covered separately. Extending the scope of technology, there are several security protocols in general sensor networks. Security Protocols for Sensor Networks (SPINS) is a set of protocols for achieving security requirements like confidentiality, integrity and authenticity in sensor networks and uses several symmetric let ons to encrypt the data as well as compute the Message Authentication Code (MAC)411.However, SPINS is only considered in general sensor networks, so that it is inadequate to apply in WBAN as it has environmental features li ke the human body and limited computing imaginations. Some researches show the security for sensor nodes in or on the human body in WBAN. They show that the sensors have to make use of cryptographic algorithms to encrypt the data they send to control node and the random number which is used in security protocols can be generated by biometrics12. Biometrics approach uses an intrinsic characteristic of the human body as the authentication identity or the means of securing the distribution of a cipher fall upon to secure inter-WBAN communications. At initial stage, several security schemes of WBAN are established by the symmetric cryptosystem due to limited resources, but have problems like delaying the disclosure of the symmetric keys and providing weak security relatively since it is not resilient against physical compromise13.Furthermore, the complexity of sensor nodes key managements in WBAN gives each component overload. On the contrary, some researches utilizing the asymmetric cryptosystem in mobile and ad hoc networks also have been proposed, and tried to examine the unique characteristics of WBAN814. One concern about the asymmetric cryptosystem is a resource constraint problem but recent work has shown that performing ECC consumes a lot less of memory and computing power1214. These researches dealt with a scope of limited WBAN but they exclude the implanted sensor networks. The target of WBAN is also the implementation of body area network that can contact with everywhere in, on, and out the human body. By comparison, each approach has several issues to be considered in terms of the security services in WBAN. Further, there is a trade-off between performance and security. Related to these, another research group has apply these two heterogeneous cryptosystems in their research which provides security and privacy to WBAN. In 4, they believe that these two cryptosystems can be applied in the authentication of WBAN depleting each weak point of them at o nce. They primarily focus on the authentication in the overall coverage of WBAN including in-, on- and out body to provide the strong and adequate security for WBAN.CONCLUSIONWBAN is an emerging and promising technology that will change peoples healthcare experiences revolutionarily. It brings out a new set of challenges in terms of scalability, sensor deployment and density, energy efficiency, security and privacy and wireless technology. In this survey, we have reviewed the current development on Wireless Body Area Network and we focused in security issues faced by this technology. In particular, this work presents an overview of the differences between Wireless Body Area Network and Wireless Sensor Network. We presented differences of architecture in WBAN and other type of Wireless sensor network. Several key applications will benefit from the advanced integration of WBAN and emerging wireless technologies. They include remote health monitoring, military, sports development and many others. It is also important to highlight here that WBAN poses with various type of security problems. Thus, we believe that WBAN requires a strong security system and part of it is authentication. A secured authentication system is extremely needed in various applications WBAN technology particularly in medical and military. The proposed protocol is potentially useful to be utilize in WBAN by satisfying their technical requirements keeping pace with the standardization of IEEE 802.15.64. 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