Introduction to Systems in the Body

Introduction to clays in the BodyTHE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The function of the abbreviationive brass is to digest and absorb. The digestive system breaks down pabulum into smaller molecules, which are intent as nutrients into the tear to be used for growth, repair and energy.The digestive system consists of several organs. The mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, liver, stomach, rectum, gallbladder, large intestines, small intestines and the pancreas.MouthBreaks down food with chewing to make pieces that can be easily digested. Saliva mixes with the food to begin the equipment failure.PharynxThe pharynx ( as well known as the throat) muscular walls servicings the attend of swallowing and serves as a pathway for the movement of food from the mouth to the oesophagus.gulletCarries liquids, food and saliva to the stomach.StomachThe stomach consists of strong muscular walls which physically churn and breakdown the food further. The stomach lining releases enzymes which continues to chemical ly breakdown the food. The enzyme Pepsin is found in the stomach and is responsible for the breakdown of protein. The stomach also throngs hydrochloric acid which help kill bacteria that is found on food. itsy-bitsy intestinesThe small intestines is around 5 metres long and consists of two parts the duodenum and the ileum. The duodenum is the premier 25cm of the small intestines and the ileum forms the rest. The duodenum is the main site of digestion and most absorption takes places in the ileum.The small intestines breaks down the food using enzymes that are released by the pancreas and bile released by the liver. The small intestines are also responsible for absorbing nutrients.The walls of the small intestines contain tiny folds called villi, there are approximately four to five trillion in the ileum. The villi has three adaptions which ensures that the absorption of digestion products is very efficient. The first adaption is the large bulge area, this allows absorption to happen more quickly and efficiently. The second adaption is the many an opposite(prenominal) logical argument capillaries the villi contain, these are responsible for absorbing nutrients, glucose and amino acids. The last adaption is the villi walls are save one cell thick, this will allow dissolved molecules to pass through and through the walls quickly.Large intestinesThe function of the large intestine is to absorb water and inseparable vitamins from the remaining indigestible food molecules.Integumentary SystemThe largest organ in the human body is the integumentary system which consists of the pare, hair and nails which form the bodys outermost covering. They help protect internal organs, provide a barrier to bar against infectious organisms and regulate temperature of body.There are three levels of skin. The Epidermis is the thin, crystalise layer of the skin and is made up of four cell characters ceratinocytes which produces keratin (waterproofing fibrous protein), melanocytes which produces melanin that gives skin its colour, langerhan cells which help the immune system fight antigens, and merkel cells which help with touch reception.The Dermis is the thicker, middle layer of skin consisting of connective tissue paper which is found in the papillary layer of the dermis, nerves, line of credit vessels glands and hair follicles.The hypodermis is the deepest layer of skin. This layer helps insulate the body and protect internal organs. The hypodermis consists of a type of connective tissue called adipose tissue which stores excess energy as fat.The skin contains oil glands which secrete essential oils to keep skin napped and moist, which in turn will help protect the skin. Sweat glands in the skin cool down the body by secreting watery sudor which evaporates in the air. Thermoreceptors are found in the dermis layer of the skin and they detect a change in temperature.Circulatory SystemThe circulative system, also known as the cardiovascular s ystem, consists of the optic, the lungs and a network of vessels which carry blood. The pneumonic circulatory system sends oxygen-deprived blood away from the heart to the pulmonary artery and to the lungs, and then returns to the with oxygenated blood through the pulmonary nervures.Oxygen-deprived blood enters heart through the right atrium and flows through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. It is then handle through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery and travels to the lungs. When into the lungs, carbon dioxide is released from the blood and oxygen is absorbed. The pulmonary vein sends the oxygenated blood back to the heart.THE HEARTThe heart has many components to help with blood flow. These components areAORTA = this is the largest artery in the blood. It carries oxygenated blood.VENA CAVA = this is the largest vein in the body. It carries deoxygenated blood.RIGHT ATRIUM = receives blood from the body via the vena cava.LEFT ATRIUM = receives blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veinRIGHT VENTRICLE = receives blood from the right atrium and sends the blood to the lungs.LEFT VENTRICLE = receives blood from the left atrium and sends the blood to the body.Nervous SystemThe nervous system involves two components the central nervous system (CNS) and the computer peripheral device nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. The peripheral nervous system consists of sensory neurons, ganglion (clusters of neurons) and nerves that connect to each other and also to the central nervous system.