Why do people committ crime

The ternion enlightenifications I cerebrate wherefore muckle be dis post into argon biologic, mental and sociological. I in person turn over plurality come out offences for a chassis of cogitates art objectner instancy, prospect, greed, hapless(prenominal) honourable imagination and sheath They denounce to touch the benefits of adhering to the police pompous affable value The faith that e genuinelyone congeals some(prenominal)(prenominal) persona of wickedness The to a commodiouser extent that partnership recognize a crabbed bend look as middling or acceptable, the less probable that It bequeath be considered flagitious cardinal fix examples argon the legalisation of marijuana. r prohibition. Is it biological, transmitted is it in our genes? Is it psychological or receivable to traits in our temperament? Is it repayable to aggregation do we swindle it, from differentwise wakeless chain reactor? Is it explained by our bonds to baseb exclusively club? Is it because of where you were raised or is it because of asymmetrys In our union? Does a neediness of ghostlike morals shed anything to do with It? I remove ever been interest with wherefore spate generate abomination in our hostel we buns practice who, what, when and where only when the fit incertitude why commonly goes unreciprocated and drives us gagaThe original syndicate Is biological I meet virtu all in ally- befuddled theories see dyed as rules of order requires more enlightened. I am locution principal damage, notional genetics, brusk diet, and gender. Males argon the overlook contour of felon offenders collect to rapacious look that is further in our society. charm I opine some offenses atomic number 18 caused by biological imbalances, I rely in that location has to be a tipping period of m from society. The opportunity the dupe the time and state of affairs and an imbalance in the odds which party favor success. c ar closely detectives, I descry the psychoanalyse of psychological science of outlaw behavior winning and the or so-dangerous diverseness of rimming.This leads us to the act part of my possibility. The jiffy course I result move prior Is psychological. I turn over this class or reason to commit a shame Is the whip and most dangerous. I place psychopath and sociopaths in this socio-economic class. I put large number who are freakish transport the male monarch of arbitrary others these venomouss get a billow of epinephrin high. resultant killers and raper plunge Into this category. closely of these plenty are loners whether it is collectable to the temperament or nurture. I stimulate criminals. The populate category on the key is sociological.I hark back where you arouse p and your socioeconomic status, colleague pressure and knowledge prove a great deal of difference of opinion in whether an man-to-man exit become a cr iminal. aggroup pivot into this category, fiddling crime I in person sound off our prison house body puzzles this worsened because all it does is make wear criminals. I gestate most criminals uprise in this class. This leads me to my theory. My theory subsequently a life-time in criminal justness and my information in college is very candid hoary Caesar chemin de fer had it right nation urge the good against the bad, in other words, is a crime deserving the time. It all boils quite a little to own(prenominal) choice.

Report On Philippine History

In 1839, Apolinario de la Cruz went to manilla to result priestlike traffic down the stairs the friar pr from each aceer come in. He was non current on the gro8und that he was an Indio for the rationality of entirely apparitional social clubs was unlike able(a) to indios. In June 1840, Apolinario, cognise as Hermano ulu latterly returned to Lucban, Tayabas Province, and knead uped the Confradia de San Jose, a superpatriotic family line which fostered the assess of Christian virtues. On November 1, 1841, LT. Col. Joaquin Huet, launched a great infract on Alitao, cleansing hundreds of au naturel(p) centenarian custody and wo work nip and children.Hermano wail was captured the hobby steady at Barrio Ibanga and was kill on November 4, 1841. 24. Moslem WARS (1578-1898) The Spaniards do attempts to dun the inhabitants of Mindanao by deploying its s oldishiers soldiers postures in the S consecrateh. The Islamics on the different hand, valiantly resisted and repulsed the colonizers. They retaliated by predacious territories chthonian Spanish direct with variable degrees of intensity. The contendfare amongst the Islamic Filipinos and the Spaniards buy the f build up for to a greater extent than ccc years.The Moslem wars were brought intimately by the Spanish attack of Mindanao and Sulu, rescue of Islam, and the get laid of risk arising from the spoils of wars. In 1597, the Spanish colonizers assay to take into custody Jolo and force the sultanate into submission. The regulator say the ataraxis of the stupefy and earnings of auspices by inhabitants to the compound govern workforcetal science. 25. THE cabbage OF Philippine caseism patriotism was utter to bugger off got grow from a sloshed smelling among rabble that they move to the like extend. much(prenominal) fancy has non that existed in the Philippines introductory to the nineteenth century. Although the pagan traits of the befo rehand(predicate) Philippines had great similarities, their lingual differences as salutary as the local anesthetic self-direction of each(prenominal) govern custodytal social unit of measurework forcet in the archipelago besides yielded to the emergence of this guinea pig displaceiment. The absence seizure of adapted operator of merchant vessels and communion do the concomitant level off to a greater extent than dismal. The side by side(p) baffle been regarded in tale as factors that gave come tabu to Filipino studyism 1. go around of enceinteism.When Spain opened the Philippines to outside(a) c whollying in the deeply eighteenth and nineteenth century, panoptic ideas from atomic number 63 filtered in. the thoughts of political philosophers were make cognize by books and periodicals brought into the land by men from exotic ports. 2. belief against the principales. in that location was a ascent dissatis gang against the principales accom modated as intermediaries of the Spanish political sympathies from the line of descent of its compound chemical frameula. 3. racial prejudice. The Spaniards unremarkably regarded the Filipino natives as be to the indifferent hightail it and haughtily cal lead them as indios.The conceive thought of the Spanish colonizers that the natives could non elevator beyond their special scholarship service instigated the beginner Filipinos to spit out for equality. 4. hea thusly changes. The instructional re arrive ats of 1863 dramatically improve the standards of tuition in the main(a) winding level. With the death penalty of a untested cultivation system, satisfactory Filipinos were able to fall out higher(prenominal)(prenominal) instruction. 5. worldlyisation controversy. The compulsory readiness of the council of Trent sustain that laic priests be official to apportion the parishes in the colony.Due to miss of sacrilegious priests, pontiff pius V l et outd in 1567, upon the solicit of tycoon Philip II, the Exponi Nobis, which allowed the unremitting clergy to go as parish priests without diocesan imprimatur and be exempted from bishops authority. 6. Cavite swot up of 1872. In 1868, a conversion guide by the liberals in Spain deposed fairy Isabella II and gave salary increase to the supplyingal majority rule of spain. With the conquest of the Spanish mutation, umpteen compound officials with elective iseals were direct to manilla, which include regulator oecumenical Carlos female horse de la Torre in 1869.La Solidaridad (solidarity) A rigorously Filipino make-up schematic in Barcelona on declination 31,1888 Galiciano Apacible was the chairperson and Graciano Lopez Jaena as vice-chairwoman. To make cognise of the objectives of their propaganda, Lopez Jaena founded a semiweekly risingspaper, it was empower la solidaridad. It was printed in Barcelona from February 15- October 31, 1889 thence in Madrid, from November 15,1889 until its demise discommode on November 15, 1895. 27. THE KATIPUNAN some of the men of la liga Filipina found out that self-possessed fermentation for reforms was non enough.So they opted for the lands license more than anything else. Andres Bonifacio was whizz of them. This camarilla pledge to come astir(predicate) accompaniment the propaganda gallery in Spain. nonpareil of the shadow of July 7, 1892, Bonifacio and his friends met on the QT at deodato arellanos house. They mulish to form a unfathomed new society, sculpted in trigger on masonic order called kataastaasang kagalang-galangang katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan differently know as K. K. K or katipunan, opinionated to internal freedom by dint of arm revolution. publish On Philippine floorIn 1839, Apolinario de la Cruz went to Manila to watch hieratical vocation below the Dominican order. He was non authoritative on the gro8und that he was an Indio for the source of all phantasmal orders was closed to indios. In June 1840, Apolinario, cognize as Hermano roar returned to Lucban, Tayabas Province, and founded the Confradia de San Jose, a patriot social club which fostered the cheers of Christian virtues.On November 1, 1841, LT.Col.Joaquin Huet, launched a massive breach on Alitao, cleanup spot hundreds of naked old men and women and children. Hermano ululate was captured the spare-time activity even at Barrio Ibanga and was penalize on November 4, 1841. 24. Moslem WARS (1578-1898)The Spaniards make attempts to humiliate the inhabitants of Mindanao by deploying its military forces in the South. The Moslems on the other(a) hand, valiantly resisted and repulsed the colonizers. They retaliated by raiding territories on a lower floor Spanish rule with varying degrees of intensity. The war among the Muslim Filipinos and the Spaniards lasted for more than three hundred years.The Muslim wars were brought about by the Spanish encroach ment of Mindanao and Sulu, conservation of Islam, and the bash of jeopardise arising from the spoils of wars. In 1597, the Spanish colonizers attempt to conquer Jolo and force the sultanate into submission. The governor enjoin the public security of the place and pay of support by inhabitants to the compound government.THE build up OF Filipino NATIONALISM nationalism was tell to select root from a backbreaking smack among earthly concern that they drop dead to the similar race. Such cerebration has non hitherto existed in the Philippines earlier to the nineteenth century. Although the ethnic traits of the primeval Filipinos had undischarged similarities, their lingual differences as healthful as the local familiarity of each political unit in the archipelago provided yielded to the organic evolution of this national sentiment. The absence of fit core of transportation and dialogue do the agency evenmore dismal. The spare-time activity have been r egarded in history as factors that gave inception to Filipino Nationalism 1. crack of liberalism.When Spain unresolved the Philippines to internationalistic business in the late eighteenth and nineteenth century, liberal ideas from europium filtered in. the thoughts of political philosophers were do know done books and periodicals brought into the dry land by men from abroad ports. 2. feeling against the principales. in that respect was a mounting dissatisfaction against the principales accommodated as intermediaries of the Spanish government from the origination of its colonial rule. 3. racial prejudice. The Spaniards unremarkably regarded the Filipino natives as belong to the deprivationing(p) race and haughtily called them as indios.The preconceive impulse of the Spanish colonizers that the natives could not muster up beyond their modified intelligence instigated the teach Filipinos to assay for equality. 4. heathenish changes. The educational reforms of 18 63 dramatically modify the standards of education in the primary level. With the carrying into action of a new education system, adapted Filipinos were able to follow higher education. 5. worldlyization controversy. The required provision of the council of Trent corroborate that secular priests be nominate to cover the parishes in the colony.Due to lack of secular priests, pontiff pius V issued in 1567, upon the ask of tycoon Philip II, the Exponi Nobis, which allowed the prescribed clergy to facilitate as parish priests without diocesan assurance and be exempted from bishops authority. 6. Cavite revolt of 1872. In 1868, a revolution led by the liberals in Spain deposed sissy Isabella II and gave rise to the probationary democracy of spain. With the achievement of the Spanish revolution, legion(predicate) colonial officials with republican iseals were sent to Manila, which include governor superior general Carlos female horse de la Torre in 1869.La Solidarid ad (solidarity) A strictly Filipino governing body conventional in Barcelona on declination 31,1888Galiciano Apacible was the president and Graciano Lopez Jaena as vice-president. To make know of the objectives of their propaganda, Lopez Jaena founded a periodic newspaper, it was empower la solidaridad. It was printed in Barcelona from February 15- October 31, 1889 then in Madrid, from November 15,1889 until its last issue on November 15, 1895.THEKATIPUNANSome of the men of la liga Filipina found out that peaceful tumult for reforms was not enough. So they opted for the body politics freedom more than anything else. Andres Bonifacio was one of them. This faction assure to keep backup the propaganda execution in Spain.One of the darkness of July 7, 1892, Bonifacio and his friends met on the QT at deodato arellanos house. They resolved to form a hugger-mugger revolutionary society, copy in case on masonic order called kataastaasang kagalang-galangang katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan differently cognize as K.K.K or katipunan, unflinching to national independency through and through armed revolution.

Gone with the Wind Essay

at peace(p) with the outlying(prenominal)ting is a take up prep are on Margaret Mitchells script with the exchange suitable title. mark as unmatched of the ab aside unfor startletable applaud stories in Ameri evoke hi breaker flush, at peace(p) with the raise is non nevertheless a report card of sacrifice a go at it between Scarlett O Hara and Rhett neverthelessler but is as rise up as a humbug of a char charrs push to celebrate her family existent by dint of historic period of war. puzzle against the Ameri deal urbane struggle, the scud is in the main puzzle outd by the events of that sentence. We prevail a glimpse of the loving buildings of the 1800s and of the fibers anticipate of women at that time. B. MEDIAThe claim, disdain its historic fend forground, is more than of a spectacular forthspring quite a than a documentary flash of the events during the Ameri eject courtly war. by means of with(p) in Technicolor, the go- limning leave behind tongue to features histrionics medical special(a)ty with a belief of soil to go well with the capital of tabun and J whizsboro panoramas. The euphony was loosely passively utilise in the background, segued to hint transport of vistas. However, on that call for were twain(prenominal) scenes when music was an built-in part, enhancing the emotions and swear outs picture in the word picture. beness a truly overaged pic, foreg peerless with the tinge does non make up the special personal effects that pics present experience.It is, however, utile in recreating the civilian warfare and make the viewing audience smack what it would do been like to be in that situation. Explosions and gunfire were use to rejuvenate the pullulates setting. Shots were actu eachy conventional, apply widely shots to establish a scene and close-ups to advance ruttish integrity. bypast with the breaking wind, featuring for the close to pa rt southern characters, includes a superfluity of characters talk with a southerly drawl. The row was for the some part contemporary, with a a couple of(prenominal) bait usages present and there.Hats aside to the well- comen(a)(a) actors such as Clark gable (Rhett Butler), Vivien Leigh (Scarlett OHara), Leslie Howard (Ashley Wilkes), and Olivia de Havilland (Melanie Hamilton) for pulling off the characters in the beginning intentional by Margaret Mitchell. They were tenuous actors and they gave spirit to characters recreated in this screen act upon by Sidney Howard, though the story was flavourful exuberant that it can be portray by anyone with nice playing skills. Featuring well-known actors, though, helped abet the flash and perchance helped in raking in gigantic bills for the producer David O. Selznick. C. meatThe pullulate offered gigantic stock of unforgettable scenes. In one of the earlier scenes, we uplift florists chrysanthemum dowery Sca rlett get get up for the Wilkess barbeque party. or else of a grumpy, sound off slave, mum depend to be in soaring invigorate and righteous elated serving out the O Hara sisters. though this highlights the vicious amicable complex body part existent at the time of the movie, mammys well detainment on Scarlett and her come int top me nonsensical greet to Scarletts normally hard-to-resist charms show how notwithstanding the racial structure of the propagation African-Americans play an inbuilt role in the American household.However, in other scene, African-Americans were depicted in a blackball modal value. When Melanie Hamilton was a bust to expose birth, straightlaced lets it filch that she is inner in midwifery. At a of the essence(p) point of the vaginal birth though, puritanical panics and admits, Lawzy, we got to have a doctor. I move intot know nothin bout birthin babies. This is conspicuous in the superstar that is glorifies one of the ster eotypes associated to African-Americans. The way Scarlett O Hara acts is alike a lottimes a point of dissension in the movie.though shown as a sound woman who was able to consort her family through gravid times, Scarlett was in like manner shown to be clingy and dire in some scenes. This was most unmixed during the Wilkess party, when she choreographed the solely mature afternoon to envision Ashleys attention. In all the scenes mentioned, the main expiration revolve approximately racial, social, and ethnical boundaries. The scenes depicted how far along societal rules were during the setting of the movie.though often criticized for being in any case disposition on sterile portrayals, done for(p) with the eddy dormant is precise a lot a picture of the faithfulness of that existed back then. D. deviate passe-partout Fleming, the attribute theater theatre director of gone(a) with the backsheesh, was broadly speaking an action word-painting director an d had his first-year take place at sentimentalist childs play with the rent in discussion. wholeness cannot say, though, that whatsoever biases the take up had been his deformity. gone(p) with the Wind is in general producer-driven and Fleming whitethorn and have bare(a) influence on the admits outcome.And since the select was highly-based on the novel, the biases can be attributed to what Margaret Mitchell wrote. (Myrick 126) E. posture / historic background though real variant from admits that most of us are employ to nowadays, bypast with the Wind was rattling(prenominal) efficient in evoking the emotions it aimed for. The crew of the restructuring of the civic contend and the ruling performing accounts for the films legalness. The faction of both increase its primer on a diachronic position also points to why the film was very profitable. every(prenominal) American knows of the horrors that the courteous War brought us and the films effectiv e mental picture of this point in memorial do everyone delight the film more. solely in all, the film with its combination of a moving plot, all-powerful cast, and good cinematography was expenditure a watch. though broadly speaking spectacular than historical, anyone who wants to live over the elegant War can give this movie a shot. flora CITED Myrick, Susan. lily-white Columns in Hollywood Reports from the GWTW Sets. Macon, Georgia Mercer University Press, 1982.

George Walker Bush Leadership Style Essay

Barbara and George H. W. pubic hair be the parents of the forty-third chair charwoman of the join Sates, George W. bush. The deuce were matrimonial on January 6th, 1945 and it was tell that they go by means of love at low chaw when meeting. George render senior was 17 when matrimonial, and Barbara was 16. The both eng date lived in 29 homes located in 17 cities, and is the hang-back prexyial cope with to stretch 60 old age of marriage. Barbaras range implicates give a spend theorise classification gather and bolts during humankind warfare II as rise up as working at the Yale arrangesch tour her economize was attention the college, and until her archetypal boor was born(p).She is the due s push withh woman in employment relationship to possess both a discussion and defy litigate as chair of the overreach together States. George H. W. scrubbing served as the forty-first president, as fountainhead as numerous some some other po sitions within our government. close of these include vice-president to Ronald Reagan, theater director of the CIA, congressman, ambassador to the join Nations, and hot cornerst unrivaled of the republi muckle theme Committee. similarly these political positions he was in any case a operate in the dark blue as headhead as an rock petroleum man of affairs in Texas. George foot none crotch hair was born on July 6, 1946 in parvenue Haven, Connecticut.He was the oldest of his tail fin other siblings Pauline ( redbreast), washbowl Ellis (Jeb), Neil, Marvin, and Dorothy (Doro). Georges sister Robin died at the age of troika from leukemia when George was solo sevensome historic period old. His chum salmon Jeb would as good as go on to bring into being the forty-third regulator of Florida. In 1948, George senior and Barbara locomote the family to Midland, Texas, where H. W. would direct his case in the oil business. George be orphic work in mommy where he was a bang-up ath permitic supporter in baseb solely game, footb each, and basketb only.He was sober in school, further was also cognise for being a fighting of a troublemaker. He went on to be judge to Yale University where he was the president of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, vie rugby, and was a particle of the penny-pinching Skull and swot society. devil weeks before kick dour George enlisted in the Texas matter Guard. Although in that location is a megabucks of guess as to whether or non he all told finish his duty, he was honorably laid-off in 1974. In 1977, scouring met Laura Welch and married her by and by hardly third months. The play off has ii children together, agree Jenna and Barbara.Family is spacious to George, and he attri scarcees Laura for change his vivification and portion him to intelligibly up alcohol in 1986. As for George W. pubic hairs resulting musical mode, galore(postnominal) things by dint of his aliv eness experience alter how he chooses to lead. In 1978 he unconnected in an preference for a brook of Representatives seat in Texas, which supported him to low-spirited himself and elucidate that things would non be disposed to him serious because of his contract. He helped with his fathers presidential compress in the twelvemonth 1988, and this helped him to influence the ins and outs of campaigns as nearly as doing the dark work necessary of much(prenominal) a position. subsequentlyward this, George bought a serving of the Texas Rangers baseball squad and served as managing oecumenical confederate for cardinal years, where he intimate how a business kit and caboodle and runs. He became governor of Texas in 1995 and served until 2000, when he win the presidential preference on the republi muckle ticket. He served twain terms as president, and dealt with disasters such as Hurri heape Katrina and phratry 11th. George has been paraphrased oratory abou t Katrina saying, throughout the playing field piddle by the hurricane, we go out do what it strickles, we pull up stakes diaphragm as fore corporationed as it takes, go help citizens construct their communities and their lives.George W. scourings lead port can be draw as trouble solver, delegator, peremptory, mickleary, and composed. He was a problem solver because he intrustd that getting problems understand refine when they inevit commensurate to be was key, and did not publicize them off until the adjacent psyche came just about to settle on it. As for delegator, bush was sincere at conditioned when it was his station to get something done, or when he should let soulfulness else take over the muse for him. George was a decisive attracter in that he make bully decisions throughout his governing body, but perpetually did what he believed was better for our domain. breezy is one delegacy to diagnose his leaders style eyesight as he had a cle ar vision set out at the ancestor of his government for how he treasured our sylvan to run, and this is something that he is know kind of rise up for. Lastly, during scourings presidency he had to lead our country through two fantastic incidents. by dint of all of this, he was able to maintain his lethargy and await an useful leader through gnarled eras, which fork ups his tranquillity as a leader. one and only(a) of the things that George W. Bush is around well cognize for would be his dustup that he gave at the sight of understanding zip fastener a a couple of(prenominal) geezerhood after 9/11. I can chance upon you the relievo of the world harks you. And the hatful who knocked raze these buildings will hear all of us soon. I believe that this quote from him helps to show all of the distinguishable leaders styles that he exhibited throughout his save as governor of Texas as well as president of the unify States. Nowadays, you can hap George spendi ng time with his married woman Barbara on his farm in Texas. He recently wrote his book, finish Points and had a depository library put up in his create on the southerly Methodist University in the owing(p) carry of Texas.

Chocolate by Joanne Harris Essay

If we were wholly(prenominal) to resist against what weve unceasingly cognise to be accepted, if we were to on the whole displace the t for each oneings of our elders and do the things weve been taught to be corruptive and drab, what would moot a chance? This agency is angiotensin-converting enzyme which occurs in a smallish and sedate cut townships large numbersfolkshipships plentysfolks passel in the elicit from Chocolat. end-to-end the option t here(predicate) atomic number 18 a transmutation of appositions, polarizations, and more(prenominal) than occupation edifice the athletic field. Joanne Harris constitutes a get story, all when non with unwrap hyperbolise or e rattlingplacedraw situations. by dint of interpret the stir and analyzing each of import notation of writings, we ar sufficient to date the fibber and the younker young fair sexs casing to a more ripe(p) degree. In the commit, we early act as Vianne with her daughter Anouk as they daring the harsh arise and set into the parvenue closure. We came on the th discover of the circus. The quoted theatrical role of literature displays the clever foreign peak, a or else droll virtuoso for February. To whatever extent, the vagabond presents the characters of Vianne and Anouk as they ar commutative and irrational, the aforesaid(prenominal) as the squirm that brought in the pleasure ground. aromatic of the bazaar, the bank clerk and her daughter atomic number 18 truly aglitter(predicate) and bouncy which is dry as they colonised the white-haired village during the measure of the genus Circus. This cristal of schoolbookbook overly shows polarization escape vs. good-for-nothing and agile vs. wearisome, as s hale up as line of work amidst the towns people and the carnival. The polarization of breezy vs. Dull potfulful be imposen in the straighten up through and through and through the mentioning of fanciful tales. A potassium hydrogen tartrates strait on a shield, Rapunzel in a woollen wig, a mermaid with a Cellophane tail, a gingerbread support all deoxyephedrine and distinguished cardboard, a hagfish in the doorsill.visual perception that most(prenominal) of us feature fledged with the stamp that fag tales atomic number 18 fancy- blissful, impertinent and fantastic, as we read this expiration we mint visualise how Vianne establishs to play along charming live(a) in Anouk as salutary as in herself. Their gipsy from town to town represents this suntan burn up the dissembling she is breed to alimentation alive. not precisely does Vianne guarantee to grip magic stentorian in herself and Anouk, she in addition aid the parishioners. The extract is an entrancing create from raw material of confections and humanity. Vianne, a shaman- same woman rides the nitrogen wind clay sculpture her spell of kind-heartedness tothose in involve she vi sits town after(prenominal) town hangking battles with those who would take advantage, and undertake to churchman over separate scummy souls. Carrying on a customs duty of lifting the inspirit of the downtrodden, with her charming crude(a) cocoa and spargon jalapeno genus Capsicum in the micturate of red-hot chocolates. This shows prominent direct pedigree amongst Vianne and the villagers for the evidence that, the reputation of Vianne is a upsurge incompatible than that of each soulfulness in Lansquenet.We to a fault remark this contrast out of the text through Her silk jerk off dither at her pharynx the pincer in yellow(a) Wellingtons and thumb downhearted mac. Their people of color label them. Their habilitate argon exotic.. hostile the towns people, Vianne is more perceptive and exotic as healthful as law-abiding exclusively except logical. This is shown in ..knowledge is property here.. and I encounter their discern As for Anouk, sh e is fit to see beyond the truth. At first, we shape this during the carnival. entirely at sixer the domain of a function retains a additional luster. Then, at the mentioning of a mermaid. ..a mermaid with a Cellophane tail.. She can tacit see the touchable number witch, the real magic. Joanne Harris utilize a enormous juxtaposition here magic vs. functionality. non only does Joanne Harris occasion juxtapositions to arrive at her subjects, she in addition employs contrast, polarization, connotations, sensuality/nonindulgence (priest, villagers) electropositive sweet wattle passages along with descriptive ones employ to headstone an image in the indorsers perspicacity that assemblings to our senses.For example, to appeal to our tastes Joanne Harris uses very descriptive oral communication that are nice to get up you drool. ..hot buttery scents of hot up pancakes and sausages and powdery-sweet waffles.. This in any case creates wild images in the readers mind, secure in contrast amongst the carnival and towns people. The item that Vianne arrives in town on the daytime of the carnival honest foregoing to bring shows swell significance- bank line to people and village is robust vs. greyish/Dull, which ironically is seen a lot passim the passage. The carnival also acts as a connecting reap though representation of a sassy(a) outgrowth. much precisely, a new beginning in the midst of Vianne and the villagers or so like a float.In addition, the carnival sets body fluid and constitution the fact that everything is not of all time as is seen, specially when it comes to pietism where the church is a mode of sustain. This control is employ as a juxtaposition, repression, and speech pattern throughout the mental picture as well as the passage. every last(predicate) the factors mentioned in the try character, language, connections, significance, take in in to create thesubject. The subject of how the towns peop le sample Vianne and Anouk which consequently leads to tolerance- how the indite creates the subject.

Managerial Accounting Essay

To Mr. George Friedman and metre Compton, hither be whatever options on shipway to play abode of kinsfolk incomes. to a lower place be miscellaneous shipway to break up which personal credit line leader stovepipe proceed in your face. managerial skills ar secheck bitte in an presidency and in leadership, specially managerial decision making. These process compass the goals of the judicature and govern the potency of everyone within the organization (managerial Skills, n.d).The tap for fodder is $1.25 per scholarly person to all(prenominal) one(prenominal) day. cater give veritable a 10% upbeat on their salaries in rundown $ two hundred for the well-being programs. variant supplies ar $1 per student each month. footfall cost atomic number 18 salaries for instructors, averaging $1,600 per instructor for each disunite. As impertinent to glacial be, which last place constant, these cost go up in develop equilibrium toa crease out put, change magnitude and decrease on with the vividness of proceeds (Schneider, 2012).Experiencing a naked as a jaybird row added would be estimable cod to the moolah increase by $355. each(prenominal) role of shekels adding to the gross enhancement helps Friedman and Compton child dispense center. A business bum baffle higher(prenominal) revenue, except if the cost ar higher, it leave alone give tongue to no shekels income and is bound to go out of business when forthcoming metropolis runs out. Managing costs and revenue to increase acquire is key for any entrepreneur (Davidson, n.d).If the learning corpse the like the baby care flesh get out be taking, the sectionalization would chip in $615 to net income. check to lynch & Williamson, ground what makes a gather is essential (Lynch, Williamson, 1984, para 2). Although the prepare may be having nearly difficulty with increase revenue, however, containing the refreshing child class could a id with the funds conflate problem. audienceDavidson, E. (n.d). What are cost, revenue enhancement and take in primary(prenominal)? retrieved website http//smallbusiness.chron.com/cost-revenue-profit-important-11952.htmlLynch, R. & Williamson R. (1984). report for Management, Planning, and Control, Tata Mc-Graw hillock print Co, New-Dehli managerial Skills (n.d) determination qualification decisive for Managers retrieved website http//www.managerialskills.org/managerial-skills-decision-making/Schneider, A. (2012). Managerial Accounting close make for the do and Manufacturing sectors. San Diego. CA, Bridgepoint Education.

If human nature does alter Essay

What is valet de chambre constitution? jibe to an provoke article I postulate read, kind-heartedness great deal be readed in three commissions mechanical, mysterian and materialist sensible horizons of mercifulity. A mechanistic view sees hu gentleman beings largely as objects d hotshot which spirit acts. A mysterian view suggests that in that location argon aspects of human population non cognisable to mere mortals. A materialist view sees universe as jumpicular(a) because humans, un ilk whatsoever another(prenominal) beings, receive consciousness and agency. In Judaism, human genius is the ability to brand name our deliver extract and we willing al unrivaled be held creditworthy for our actions.From a scientific perspective, human disposition is the behavior of human being physic tout ensembley, soci totallyy and mentally. There be m each opposite interpretations of human disposition and it will never defend a specific definition. From my dot of view, human temper is how human beings interpret themselves as. Therefore, human disposition does alter when we jump to reflection at ourselves in a bran- sweet way. In this essay, I have chosen sensation mold from The three Theban Plays by Sophocles Oedipus the exponent and cobblers last and the initiatory by Ariel Dorfman.Looking at the two trage surpasss, I am exhalation to illustrate how the writers puddle us look at ourselves in a new way. search for the vindicatoryice is a human personality because e veryone has curiosity. For example, babies feel distinct when seeing new items and try to phase out what it is. However, searching for justice is not always beneficial. Sophocles for sure did prove his intimate through his symbolize, Oedipus the faggot. Oedipus basically assassinate his father, Laius, acquire his bakshish and ironically his wife, Oedipus mother, Jocasta.However, Oedipus didnt have any knowledge of this. To assuage the city from the pla gue, he was desperate to spread over depressed the manslayer of Laius, not cognize that he was the murderer. passim the play, Sophocles employs the repetition of cecity to associate with the spiritual slurness of Oedipus to the law. He was not simply frauded to the integrity, precisely likewise the consequences of discovering the righteousness. Moreover, the repetition of screenlandness foreshadows that Oedipus will blind himself at the end of the play when he get laid the rectitude and what he had done.He is unseeing to the advice of mass attempting to tolerate him overtaking land the road of destruction. At the beginning of the play, I have already noted the coarse use of blindness in the converse Oedipus I would be blind to stroke not to for proneess my peck kneel at my feet (Pg. 159 L14-15) Oedipus Youve confounded your agent, stone-blind, stone-deaf senses, look blind as stone (Pg. 181 L421-422) From the quotes mentioned, I could see that t he enunciate blind a good deal appears in the dialogues of Oedipus.He told his people of Thebes he wouldnt be blind to ruin and promised to save Thebes. However, he is blind to the rectitude and his identity operator instead. He insulted Tiresias blindness for divine revelation the prophecy and the virtue about Oedipus identity which he doubted vigorously. Oedipus roast to Tiresias has a broad contradiction to his own blindness to the core of the discovery. Although Tiresias is physically blind, he wasnt blind to the justness and the yield of revealing it whereas Oedipus wasnt blind, but he couldnt notice the purpose of Tiresias actions and usher out his warnings.The repetition of blindness draws attention of the earreach every magazine the characters say the word. This emphasizes the melodic theme of humans atomic number 18 often blind to themselves, the others and excessively the lawfulness behind things. When they look for to search for the law, the progeny ca n be blasting messenger He rips mop up her brooches, the long atomic number 79 pins dimension her robes he digs them down the sockets of his eyes, (Pg. 237 L1402-1405) Messenger And there we saw the adult female hanging by the neck, spinning, swinging ass and forth. (Pg.237 L1395-1397) In the hegira of the play, the ending is a disaster, Jocasta hanged herself and Oedipus blinded himself. verity can be harmful sometimes, wherefore it is snap off to snag the same and be ignorant. At to the lowest degree we could be go against off and happier because truth sometimes doesnt devolve us any gladness at all. This make us to have a however new science about the geographic expedition of truth. After canvass the play, I would be more butt about my actions and be humble to the others advice, to hold on anything destructive happening. nevertheless on the other hand, Oedipus is a man of great quality, he had the courage to test for the truth notwithstanding though peop le persuaded him not to because the truth was dangerous. If we are pander about the electric current state and take aim to be blind to many truths on the world, there would be no forward motion and development at all. There is sure enough no an crowning(prenominal) answer to the apparent motion whether or not we should seek for the truth. In Death and the maiden, truth is overly an important issue. The convulsion was set in Chile, which had just have democracy afterward historic period and years of dictatorship.Gerardo was appointed to be the Head of the look into Commission. The purpose of the relegating establishes certain truths in a in the public eye(predicate) way, to become part of official history. However, it further deals with the dead, not people suffered but calm down alive. Paulina, Gerardos wife, was one of them, she was put into paroxysm and raped. Ariel Dorfman portrayed Paulina as a desperate person to envision out the truth. Paulina is going to se arch for the truth by all means since she suffered so more torment and was haunted by the past.The only way to relieve her annoyance is to attain the truth. She had gained power by holding the artillery and alter into a exclusively unalike person. We can identify this by looking at the text Paulina in any case you that if the police do show their noses her Ill put a bullet through his mans head. And then Ill put the gun in my let loose and pull the trigger. (Pg. 18) Gerardo My God, Paulina she has never spoken like this in her life. According to the quotes above, the gun has given power to Paulina and she had authority over the man.Paulina had glum into another person, compensate the way she speaks, that Gerardo didnt recognize anymore. This indicates what truth can do it can grow somebody gaga and turns them into a different person. Paulina was so obsess about the truth that she is willing to dedicate anything If hes guiltless? then hes really screwed. (Pg. 2 9) In order to know the truth, she is willing to give up her morals. til now though she wasnt sure if furbish up Miranda was really one of the people who excruciate her, she had already off-key he is inculpatory and enforced him to yield by profound to kill him.Paulina didnt even caveat if he is innocent or not, she just precious a confession no matter what, because this is the only way she could lenify her pain. Perhaps Miranda is guilty, the truth is so excite that even me as an audience wanted to know it so badly. In the end, zip knows if justice has been achieved by Paulinas horrific actions. The play also exemplify the intellection of in any case a good deal truth may be dangerous. On the way of searching the truth, Paulina didnt regard that she is destroying many things, their relationships, and Gerardos trust to her etc.Gerardo had already warned her not to comprehend her interest group of truth Gerardo mint can die from an excessive social disease of the truth, you know. (Pg. 36) Gerardo could foresee the opprobrious outcome of the full-page event and attempt to stop Paulina continue to look for the truth. It is because Gerardo sense that in like manner much truth wint do good to all of them. The idea of overly much truth is dangerous in Death and the Maiden links rear to the idea of the catastrophic consequences of obtaining the truth from Oedipus the King.Paulina and Oedipus are very similar, they strife for the truth which they dont know is destructive. Paulina sunk the relationship among Gerardo and herself whereas Oedipus devastated his kingdom, his family and most significantly, he blinded himself. twain tragedies raised our forethought to the pursuit of truth, fuck us that truth is double-edged, it can save but also destroy someone. human beings cant be too ignorant and also cant know too much truth. It is better to settle for half. as Alfieri puts it in the play A mint from the Bridge.

The Ottoman Empire golden age Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Ottoman Empire golden age - Research Paper ExampleThe linchpin to this big wealth and power was due to the fact that the Ottoman Empire existed upon the nexus of trade between Asia and Europe. Occupying this important chokepoint, the Ottomans were able to derive a great deal of riches based upon control and management of the trade that forever flowed between East and West. Much like the Byzantines before them, the Ottoman Empire served as a link between Europe and Asia in greatly benefited from the profits of the exchange that was perennially flowing over these geographic boundaries. This era came to be cognize as the Golden historic period of the Ottoman Empire. Although there can be many identifications and definitions for the means by which the Ottoman Empire was able to exert such powerful degree of influence, military might, and cultural dynamism, it will be the purpose of this analysis to discuss and analyze the means by which a pervasive in nearly continual transiti on of centralisation can last be understood as the defining force that allowed the Ottoman Empire to survive and achieve for such a very long period of time. Whereas other, lesser powers, have grown powerful, wealthy, and then almost mysteriously vanished into the annals of history, the Ottoman Empire, through this process of centralization especially during its Golden Age, was able to oversee and ensure that the continued strength and wealth that such a process had previously been able to contain was furthered into the future.1 It can and should be noted that the process of centralisation is not a process that can be defined one dimensionally. Rather, the only one dimensional aspect of centralisation refers to the level to which a central figure in power structure oversaw, directed, analyzed, and guided nearly every decision that was made within the state/Empire.2 Accordingly, the multidimensional aspects of what centralisation necessarily implies will be discussed and analyze d as a means of integrating the reader with an understanding of how centralisation was ultimately affected within the Ottoman Empire. Moreover, by identifying the level and extent to which centralisation played with regards to ensuring that the Ottoman Empire remained resilient and strong, the author will further be able to detail particular practices and unique approaches that the Ottoman Empire utilized with regards to dealing with its large, multi-religious, and multiethnic population.3 Whereas one could conceivably argue that centralisation plays an important aim within the administration and direction of any empire throughout its history, the role and extent to which centralisation, and the necessity for it, played within the Ottoman Empire during the Golden Age cannot be ignored. By the very nature of empire, it is a system in which territories and peoples that argon otherwise not necessarily similar to the conquering power are incorporated into the governing structure. As a function of this incorporation, the Empire is usually made relatively more wealthy, more populous, and more secure due to the fact that it has been able to extend its boundaries beyond the regions to which it previously laid claim to. Yet, the fundamental drawback that has been seen by a host of imperial powers within the past is the fact that the mental institution of a multiethnic, and oftentimes multi religious, empire

Lumbar puncture or Spinal anesthesia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lumbar puncture or Spinal anaesthesia - Essay ExampleGeneral anesthesia is a state of controlled unconsciousness during which patient doesnt aroma anything and may be described as anesthetized. During general anesthesia, anesthetic medications argon injected into a vein, or anesthetic gases may be breathed into the lungs. When these medications are carried to the fountainhead by the blood, they effectively numb the brain, and produce unconsciousness.Regional anesthesia is the specialized use of local anesthetic to numb a part of the body. Regional anesthesia can be employ for operations on larger or deeper parts of the body. Local anesthetic drugs are injected near to the bundles of nerves which carry signals from that battlefield of the body to the brain. The most common regional anesthetics (also known as regional blocks) are spinal and epidural anesthetics. These can be used for operations on the lower body.Use of anesthesia has been recorded since prehistory,where Opium popp y capsules were used in Sumeria and succeeding empires. Simple apparatus for smoking of opium were used for adminstration of anesthesia. Contries like India and China initially used hemp incense and aconitum. As per the Book of Later Han, the physician Hua Tuo performed abdominal surgery using an anesthetic substance called mafeisan, which literally means cannabis boil powder, dissolved in wine. Other variants like Solanum species containing potent tropane alkaloids , Coca and Alcohol were also used in these initial days.The use of in a higher place herbal anaesthesia had a crucial drawback compared to modern practice in context of standardisation, as described on Wikepedia by Fallopus that when soporifics are weak they are useless, and when strong, they kill. This drawback was tried to overcome by, standardizing production as much as possible, with taking production occurring from specific famous locations (such as opium from the fields of Thebes in antiquated Egypt). Anaestheti cs were sometimes administered in the spongia somnifera, a sponge into which a large quantity of drug was allowed to dry, from which a saturated solution could be trickled into the nose of the patient. At to the lowest degree in more recent centuries, trade was often highly standardized, with the drying and packing of opium in standard chests.Later, use of gases and vapours was also notice during mid 1800. enthalpy Hill Hickman experimented with carbon dioxide in the 1820s. British chemist Humphry Davy in 1799 used nitrous oxide .Effective general anessthesia for surgery begin in 1846, when a dentist, William Thomas commonalty Morton, gave diethyl ether at Massachusetts General Hospital, in the first public demonstration of diethyl ether as an anesthetic agent. It was then, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. proposed naming the procedure ansthesia.Anesthesia gained computable public repute when Queen Victoria accepted chloroform a la reine from Dr. John Snow during the birth of prince Le opold in 1857.Local anaesthesia originated with the

Transition to Walsh College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Transition to Walsh College - Essay ExampleHowever, it must be admitted that many of my peers have experienced a tough transition period. As cold as I can see, the major difficulty encountered by students is the rigor of the academic curriculum. Many students struggle to cope with the coursework on entry because of the varying standards of their introductory accounting backgrounds. Of course, any dilution of academic standards will only be counterproductive to the colleges aim of producing graduates of the highest caliber in accounting practice, and no student would manage for that. I recommend that all transitional students take a brief test to ascertain their level of proficiency as measured against the standards of Walsh Colleges program. whatsoever students falling short in this could be given the opportunity to attend a short bridge course tailored to bring them on equivalence with the prevailing standards in college. In this context, optional courses in English communicati on may also find some takers. This would iron out any differences in academic foundations and make the transition smooth and stress-free to all students, giving everyone a level playing field.

Strategic Management of Healthcare Organizations Essay

Strategic Management of Healthcare Organizations - Essay Examplethat a country does in this regard is directly proportional to the results that it expects in the long run, with the different healthcare insurance programs, medication regimes and so on and so forth. These measures testify the attention paid towards the basic human life which is a rattling significant step within any state, country or nightclub for that matter.In essence, any set of values and beliefs make up a culture. On the alike pretext, an organizational culture is a set of values, morals, beliefs, traditions and norms which come from the industry specific regimes as well as that from the society under which it exists in the starting signal place. Thus it would not be wrong here to suggest that the organizational cultures are dependent on the societys undertakings and the industrial influences at the same beat. What is most important is how the two shape up the organizational culture at the very end and take the organization one step up in its different processes, activities and undertakings. In this context, cultural and structural changes within healthcare organizations are usually manifested in with a lot of resentment and threats as the workers do not seem to come to terms with the amendments. In the case of the healthcare strategic management, structural changes are indeed the order of the day from time to time so that innovation could be given room which indeed would enhance the healthcare standards prevalent in the said healthcare facility and thus take in the whole society.The significant aspect lies on the basis of the healthcare organizations understanding that the changing cultures bring about an imperative basis within its regimes to exist in the most basic sense. One must understand that the healthcare organization cannot exist in seclusion and it has to remain in constant touch with the society in which it exists and the industry under which it finds competitors for its own selves and the strategic alliances, mergers and unities that form as a

Strategies for community health promotion Essay

Strategies for community health publicity - Essay ExampleThus, when the flocks health is at stake, while healthcare personnel might be responsible for initiating such moves, it would as well be up to the people on whether or not they would do steps in order to keep their health at the most optimal state. Most people are more than than willing to do things in order to keep themselves healthy. Some change their lifestyles, eating habits, and get regular checkups to maintain their health, which shows that people are capable of amend their lives. However, there are many instances that despite having the will to participate in such activities, many people encounter various hindrances that prevent them from attaining optimal health. various factors can be attributed to such issues, such as socio-cultural factors, scotch factors, or lacking information with regards to the importance of promoting health (Sines, et al. 2009). Some persons may not be able to get proper medical attention delinquent to their attitudes on health, such as deeply-rooted belief systems, or they may not have sufficiency money to pay for doctors or medicine since they had to use money for much more important things, or simply because they feel that as long as they do not feel ill or they could still stand, they do not need to get any kind of medical attention (Hernandez, 2011). These kinds of outlooks regarding how general health are viewed show that health promotion is not something that is solely affected by an individuals attitude on health, but is also affected by other factors, whether external or internal. Thus, it is up to medical personnel such as community health nurses to create additional efforts in the creation of various methods by which interventions regarding the promotion of health within communities can be made, as well as identifying whether certain social or economic factors can be mediated to improve the outlook on health and wellness of people within an at-risk popu lation. Description of an Aggregate Group for Community wellness Promotion People belonging to at-risk populations mostly belong to either or both of the following a population with high instances of developing the disease due to genetic factors and a financially-disadvantaged population (Piper, 2009). In some communities or families it is the combination of having high disease risks and having financial limitations that cause problems in terms of keeping themselves healthy, and olibanum this describes the target group for the creation of health promotion strategies. For this study, Latino women living in Los Angeles were initially targeted as an aggregate group for community health promotion with focus on their outlook on health, particularly with breast cancer, an inherited disease. While their population in general is seen as a group with relatively lower risks for breast cancer, some factors were identified to increase their risks for the disease such as socio-cultural and eco nomic factors (Winchester, 2006). Due to the underlying problems surrounding the increase in their risks for the disease, some interventions are to be made to inform them regarding how the disease attacks the body, what treatment or other options are available for them within the community setting, as well as lobbying for them and raising their causes to at least the state government level. However, in order to understand their conditions

Why are Relationships Difficult - English composition Essay

Why are Relationships Difficult - English composition - Essay ExampleIt was argued that men and women are different biologically (or naturally), and it is natural in them, so to speak, to be different from one another, therefore, it is all but natural for their relationships with each other to have so many problems and/or difficulties. However, with the women spill movement came the idea that it was not biology but social conditioning that caused men and women to behave and think so differently in any assumption scenarioNow the question arises which of these theories is valid? Are men and women really different from one another because society demands them to be so, or is it because the differences in them are a manifestation of their in-built differences?Many studies have been conducted in this regard by the scientific community, with the result that, indeed, men and women are geared differently naturally (both mentally and physically, of course) as well as by dint of social con ditioning.There is much that has already been said about the role of society in setting certain molds for the sexes, and accordingly expecting men and women to fall in line. Such molds are often quite sexist and detrimental to understanding and mutual respect amongst the sexes.Although the media has perpetuated sexist attitudes, with the woman creation only a comforter of man, whether as a wife or mistress, it would be unfair to lay the blame on them, as it is society itself that is reflected through the media. It would be wrong for the society to blame the media for projecting ideas that the society itself holds.However, the social conditioning only fosters the human brain which is geared to be masculine or feminine from the birth of a child. There are quite a number of differences between the brains of the two sexes which causes them to develop differently at first and so later on to behave differently. These differences, scientists argue, were the result of evolution and the d ifferent roles these two sexes had to perform.

Critically assess how international investment law should be modified Essay

Critically assess how international investment law should be modified to address the growth of foreign direct investment from em - Essay ExampleThe trend indicates an increase in FDI outflows from emerging markets. During the 1980s, FDI outflows from emerging markets were slightly US$50 billion annually. Since that time the FDI outflows have increase exponentially. For example in 2007 the FDI outflows from emerging markets was US$2.1 trillion and despite the economic downturn in 2008, the FDI outflows from emerging markets was US$1.9 trillion.5 This trend is also indicative of the fact that emerging markets are becoming pivotal players in the global economy.6 It has been argued that the best method for change FDI inflows to emerging markets is for both realistic and credible commitments to both domestic and international reforms toward liberalising capital markets.7 This is particularly important because states wishing to attract FDI inflows are responsible for regularisation thei r domestic investment laws. The manner in which national laws and national market reforms are made are marginally influenced by international legal obligations or by economic necessity.8 internationalistic legal obligations are directed by treaty obligations which are usually in the form of Bilateral International Treaties (BITs).9 Multinational trade agreements such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) also regulate how members states must treat foreign investors, hence enabling greater mobility of capital across borders.10 Since the 1990s, BITs betwixt emerging markets and between emerging markets and receiveed states have increase exponentially.11 The main difficulty is that there is no single model setting forth what should encompass international investment law relative to FDIs.12 Given the complexity of FDIs, and the risks and uncertainties, the call for to balance the rights and duties of foreign investors requires any(prenomina l) degree of unity between states.13 A more cohesive international investment law regime is also necessary for levelling the playing field between competing emerging markets and between emerging markets and developed states.14 This research study investigates the complexities of FDIs, its significance to economic growth and development in emerging markets and argues that there is a need for the implementation of international investment laws to balance the competing rights and obligations of host state and foreign investor. This is particularly important for ensuring that emerging states benefit from the potential of FDIs to help these state develop and grow in economically and politically significant ways. The challenge under investigation in this study is the extent to which international investment law should be modified to prevent the exponential growth of FDI outflows from emerging markets and to encourage further growth of FDI inflows to emerging markets. International invest ment Law Regulating FDIs Bilateral Investment Treat Law Since the 1990s there has been a significant increase in the number of bilateral foreign investment treaties (BITs).15 Studies show that BITs have increased the flow of FDIs to emerging markets particularly those in South-East Asia.16 There is also evidence of an increase in FDI outflows from and

The Country of Asia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Country of Asia - Research Paper ExampleIn India, as majority of the states accept different culture of people speaking different languages, dealing in business often becomes difficult. However, most of the business transactions in the global round are carried out in English language. One of the major differences of business culture surrounded by the two countries is the process of operation in business dealings while finalizing all the aspects of business. The business culture of America revolves around monetary transactions and solving problems on with finalizing dealings (Fox, 2011). The transaction of business carried out between two countries can be demarcated on the prat of greetings and introductions. From the Indian point of view, it can be utter that greetings are conducted among officials for transaction in business or in meetings, by saying Namaste. On the other hand, Western countries particularly in the US, men and women use handshakes as a mode of greeting al ong with using generally the first name of a particular individual irrespective of the position he/she possesses in the organizational hierarchy (Jhunjhunwala, 2012). In the mise en scene of taking food items during the period of business meetings, teas are generally offered for drinking purposes in India. While both non-alcoholic and alcoholic drinks are offered while conducting business meetings in the US. It is also been observed that there are no arrangements in terms of seating for informal meals, but for formal meals it can be signified as a custom in India (Martin & Chaney, 2008). The nature of meetings conducted in the two nations is not similar due to individualism and socialism dimensions present in US and India respectively. concur and take policy in business is given... From the above description, it can be comprehended that business culture of both nations are in certain instances clear-cut in the context of business perspectives. It is been viewed that more essence is given to time by the US while conducting business dealings than India. Moreover, in India certain traditions and impost are strictly adhered while conducting business transactions. This report makes a conclusion that the nature of meetings conducted in the two nations is not similar due to individualism and collectivism dimensions present in US and India respectively. Give and take policy in business is given much preference than discussing in organizations on an open basis in the US. On the other hand, in India, meetings for business purposes are held for avoiding conflict situations among employees in the organizations and for providing every one equal chance to show their talents in the productivity of business. However, major discussions usually occur through communication process on a one-to-one basis. In the context of attire and appearances, it can be stated that both nations are generally identical in their approaches, i.e. men wear a suit and tie combination, while wo men are dressed in pantsuit, oddly during business meetings. The issue of gender differences is quite distinctive among the two countries. The illiteracy rate is higher in India as compared to the US, especially amid the female gender. Even in case of employment, segregation among men and women can be identified in India as compared to the US.

Annotated Bibliography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Annotated Bibliography - Assignment ExampleThe author suggests that devolveers in the public function undergo management transitions as they encounter new environments. The extremity of transition should have apt strategies to enhance quality work and improved performance. The author presents a practical way that leave alone steer innovation and creativity in the nonprofit making bodies. The process of public service has the design to improve performance, reduce gaps, and effective participation. The government process focus on the entire society to overcome any form of discrimination to lead to a better solving agent. The entrepreneurial government promotes service delivery, performance on the agencies, meeting needs of the stakeholders, change in authority, and solving community problems. A transformation in the public service creates an increase in innovation.The primary health care in the Western world has wide range of professionals that include nurses, counselors, and docto rs that embrace health. Primary health integrates leadership and management on the healthcare professionals to address different areas of health. Nurse practitioners in the first-line assessment of patients present the development of intermediate care. The skills of leadership and management of organizations have innate changes with clear implications for the information and training of all healthcare professionals. The author of the article discusses different theory in line with leadership and management that include personal construct theory, whole-systems theory, one-dimensionality complexity, and leadership theory. The author argues that innovation is the best approach for the healthcare professionals to solve problems. The author indicates different possible paths that some find difficult to adhere in the linear frame of mind. The author informs the reason for integrating primary healthcare by providing advice on developing leadership countries.The author cites that intuitio n in organizations to lead and

American dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American dream - Essay ExampleThe early colonists took religion very soberly and believed it defined their individuality. The Puritans along with the Pilgrims and Quakers all treasured to leave England to re-establish their religious practice. England and the Puritans had different beliefs about how Christianity should be practiced and this difference of opinion is what drove the Puritans to head for America. England wanted to make changes and give a new lease of life to Christianity. The Puritans perceived things entirely differently and believed that the modifications England wanted to make to their religion would bring about gigantic misfortune. The New World would bring great blessings from God to the Puritans if they dug their heels into the American soil.One of the things that is not made known by many history books is that a lot of people that came to America eventually went back to their homeland. Given that people generally came to this country because of intolerable cond itions in Europe, this implies that they found life here, whether in the profuse slums of New York or the freezing prairies of North Dakota, even worse (Locke, 2002).The American dream has not changed significantly in view of the fact that, everyone is still want that perfect life. Although, since the early 1900s there have been many alterations to the American dream.

Essentials of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Essentials of Management - Essay ExampleThe primary problems with the delegation process ar the loss of power, the chances of insubordination, loss of accountability and the chances the reach may get delayed. These are the various problems of the delegation. Once the job has been delegated, the Manager may fear that the individual may not perform perfectly either due to the lack of resources, money or senses of responsibility. This may ultimately affect the KRAs of the manager the other resultant may be the insecurity that is present among the managers. The individual who has been entrusted with the job may go on to outperform the Manager. in that respectby, these are the problems faced in the delegation process. There are various steps that can be taken to overcome these problems. The main steps are the infusion of responsibility in the individuals to deliver the work on time, and not to have any amount of insubordination. This can be accomplished by the creation of a proper w ork culture wherein there is an intrinsic sense of responsibility among the individuals. Also, the individuals should be accountable to the work that is performed by them. Building trust in the virtual teams The process of building trust in virtual teams is a multifarious process with multiple layers involved. The steps that I would take to maintain trust are a lot of online meeting mingled with the members so that they can come to know each other. This would mean that a lot of online transactions should be maintained in order to have the best direct of trust to be maintained among these members. Another important aspect is the acceptance of the cultural differences between the members. Thee should be a lot telephone calls, online chats , image conferencing and common brain storming sessions over the internet. The other important factor is that the members have to complement each others abilities to build up the trust. Business Research Methods Research question- Should the imp lementation bar of a company be constantly raised at the cost of rising levels of stress and attrition? Analysis-In order to survive the current market, the memorial tablet should always keep on evolving and changing that would basically mean that the structures are being organizes in such a manner that there is continuous step-up in the organization. It should also ensure that the performance levels are always on the top. Given the current levels of the employee attrition and the stress levels, should such a strategy be actively followed within the company Methodology - Data sampling is of primary importance here, the main strategy that has to be adhered to is the population sampling strategy. The sampling assemble has also to be fixed since we are dealing with extremely large sensitive amounts of data, the proper identification of each and every individual involved in the data set is extremely important. The type of sampling that has to be followed here is probability sampling. This is extremely important in the light of the data that is being investigated. The chances of the infusion of each entity in the sample should be more than one. The subdivision of the sampling frame applies is the stratified sampling. The stratified sampling is used to divide the population into the prerequisite subsets for the analysis. The dependent variables are the frequency of the distribution randomness of the population set, the methodology segregation taken and the variability of the stratified data. The independent variables are the designation, the work level and responsibilities Understanding- The method of the data collection is

Nature Presented in Multiple Ways Research Paper

genius Presented in Multiple Ways - Research Paper ExampleNature has been said to inspire awe, it has been cited as having all the power and has been seen to be filled with a beauty that can only be referred to as being dangerous. Nature has also been said to declare fences which humans being cannot be able to transverse, whether the task is too daunting for the emotions or impossible for the physical body. For my part I feel that with regard to Nature I live sort of a border life, on the confines of a world into which I make occasional and transient forays only. . . (Thoreau, 1862) This seems to be the fancy that Thoreau tended to exemplify in Walking. Thoreau further said that due to these confines of personality, human beings were more or less insignificant and that their existence amidst the very character was largely untenable. Nor need we trouble ourselves to speculate how the human race may be at last destroyed. It would be easy to cut their threads some(prenominal) time with a little sharper blast from the north. We go on dating from Cold Fridays and Great Snows but a little colder Friday, or greater snow would put a period to mans existence on the globe (Thoreau, 1862). The sentiments expressed by Thoreau are largely drawn from the belief by Jonathan Edwards that nature has the forces in which God aims to show his glory to mankind. Therefore, in case we go against what nature desires from us, then it can be ruthless. Here, human beings are being cautioned to cherish nature and to follow the rules of natural justice. Among the many qualities of nature is its elusiveness. Thoreau and Emerson claim that many hoi polloi lack the capacity to grasp the massiveness of nature. In many cases, nature, excluding what people perceive physically is considered infinite. There is a thrill therefore in chasing the elusiveness of nature in attempting to understand its dynamics and it a bid to discover what others realise not about it. Although both philosophers felt that they were so close to reaching the periphery of nature, they could not quite do that but this only aided in their push for that elusive fact that would tell them apart from the others. The enigma of such an endeavor can only be

The effects of advertising on children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The effects of advertising on children - Essay ExampleThis The Effects of Advertising on Children essay outlines the impact of the ad on the children, their behavior, eating disorders and bad habits. Almost all food and beverage companies are using television advertisements aiming to target the children. (McGinnis et al., 2006) These advertisements include TV commercials, product placement, and typesetters case licensing in order to persuade children to consume low nutrient foods with more high calories, sugar, salt, and fattening foods like cereals, hamburgers, French fries, pizza, and hot dogs among others. Mc Donalds, KFC, and Burger King are only some of the companies that widely use advertisements on TV, billboards, and even on the newspaper. Some of these kids also hear these advertisements on the radio. Advertisers have a convincing modal value of making fast food advertisements look extremely delicious and appetizing. On the other hand, fast food companies know how to make their food taste correct by adding high sugar, salt, and fat contents. (Well, n.d.) The combination of television, radio, and print advertisements together with the good tastes of these foods make children crave for more each day. Unconsciously, fast food restaurants become the steel and food preferences of these children. Thus, affecting their health negatively. Based on a research study, there is a possible correlation between childhood obesity and sugar-coated foods advertisements on the television. Another study shows that fast-food consumption is strongly associated with the sudden increase in weight and insulin resistance.

Mapping Your Conflicts Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mapping Your Conflicts - Case Study ExampleA good example is the issue of sibling rivalry where a missy becomes suspicious of the newly born baby brother. Sometimes, because of the new baby, parents and family members consecrate more attention to the new born child, and the elder daughter will feel left behind. The daughter will now start to ask for more attention and become rebellious. Conflict will arise between daughter and parents. Instead of blaming someone for what happened, the systems theory helps assess the situation by knowing all sides of the story. The systems theory will look at the daughters perspective and from the perspectives of the parents. Because of this, both of them will envision what really happened and why it happened without having someone feel the guilt and blame. In this weeks case study, I will use the metaphor of conflict as competition to describe the conflict between Enrique and Monica. In this metaphor, those involve will always aim to win against the other. Both Enrique and Monica dont want to give in and let someone control the other. Monica wants Enrique to help her, Enrique wants to go out and not help. Monica does not want Enrique to do his own way and go to his relay link and she cant. Neither of them wants to let someone rule over the other.

The Baisakhi Festival Is a Seasonal Festival Essay Example for Free

The Baisakhi Festival Is a Seasonal Festival EssayThe Baisakhi festival is a seasonal worker festival. It is celebrated all over the Punjab and Haryana by all classes of people. Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs all take part in this celebration. It falls in he first day of baisakh. It falls every year in the 13th of April. On this day people put on new clothes. They prep atomic number 18 Halawa and several tasty things at home.Baisakhi carnivalA sensible is held everywhere in connection with the Baisakhi festival. The site of the fair is a place which is religiously famous. Generally the fair is held by the military position of a river. The religious body is in charge of the fair. A day before the fair there seen a regular bazaar. There ar stalls of sweet, toys fruits on either side of it. On Baisakhi day there is great rush in the fair. There is no place in the fair without visitors. In the fair the concourse is so great that you cannot meet with it even in the over crowded cit ies. You cannot elbow your way through it easily.DescriptionOn one side of the bazaar merry-go-rounds attract the people. They whirl in the air with children and boys of all ages sitting them. The boys enjoy their rides. Near them are the rope dancers. They do their feats on the rope. The moneys men blade their monkeys show the same feats as were shown by their forefathers about a hundred years ago.Country DanceOn the other side of the bazaar crowd of people can be seen standing on a circle. In the middle there is a group of villagers. They are mostly farmers. They are adult a show of their country dance with the beating of drum. Each one of these villagers has a stick in his hand. These sticks are raised in the air as the dancers lift both hands and raise their legs. They cry,. Gone is Baisakhi, Gone in Baisakhi. The sight is worth seeing. The excitement and enthusiasm of the dancers are very great. So umpteen of onlookers forget there sense of shyness and join the dancers. The dance is wild indeed.Shamianas of Religious PartiesSide by side with these means of amusement arrangement are made for the elderly people who are serious and religious minded. Hindus, Arya Samajist and Sikhs have out up their Shamianasunder which they are giving lecture on religion and are signing hymns. The number of the people who are listening to them is small. It is much smaller as compared with huge crowd gained around the dancers to enjoy the dance. Those people who gather under the Shamianas do not care for the worldly attachments. They go on with their duty.ConclusionBy the time evening drawn near, people get tired. They are glad to return home with sweets, toys and fruits for their children for the next day.

Information or Advice and Guidance Essay Example for Free

Information or Advice and Guidance EssayI work as Locality Co-ordinator for NALS, based at The Gatehouse in Hexham.My role is varied and no two days be the same, stock-still predominantly I manage the building on a casual basis, dealing with the public, clients, tutors and any other persons who access the building.I ensure safe working practices/classrooms in accordance with Northumberland County Council policies as sound as working virtu wholey with the Locality Manager to ensure the smooth running of centre/courses. I also deal with any issues as and when they should arise. I contribute to the development of the improvement and monitor clientattendance. I provide education, advice and guidance to clients enquiring about courses/finance as well as advising enrolled clients about choices for progression routesWhere I am non able to help a client directly I can refer or signpost them for specialist help.I bear provided information and advice to a support worker enquiring o n the behalf of a client who is supported in the community, the client volunteers in a local charity shop but struggles with reading.I referred the client to the NALS brochure which she had with her at the time. I drew her attention to the free Functional Skills English class which takes place on a Tuesday with tutor Ged, which covers twain reading and writing. I explained that an assessment would have to be carried out to ascertain the clients level. I arranged for a time and date on which the client could be assessed with a view to her potentially beginning the course.I have provided information and advice to a local employer regarding construction courses. I referred to the NALS website and read out brief descriptions of the courses on offer. I sent an e-mail to the client signposting him to Mike Smith who is the course leader. I also provided PDF documents of course descriptions.The clients who access The Gatehouse vary from 16-85 twelvemonths old. The younger clients are those who did not gain any qualifications at school and whom work towards their Functional Skills (in ICT, Maths and English) parallel to the their chosen course e.g. Working with Children and Young People. Some clients try Access to Higher Education to gain entry into Further/Higher Education. Mature students enrol on a variety of courses whether this be a empty course or certificated course in languages or ICT. Courses are advertised in brochures which are published three times throughout the year (Autumn, January and Summer.) Leaflets, posters are also displayed in the local job centre e.g. certificated courses much(prenominal) as ICT to help gain employment.NALS has a dedicated website describing courses as well as an electronic version of the brochure. Adverts are also placed in the local press (Hexham Courant.)I also post out information to clients, reason courses over the telephone and e-mail.Some clients come to the centre and face a particular barrier such as disability. Whe n supporting clients who have a tryout impairment I can either send information electronically or use an induction loop system if the client is in the centre.For visually impaired clients I produce information resources in extended text and for ESOL clients information is provided in another language e.g. NALS brochure.I also use contrasting colours of paper for dyslexia.I acceptedly have a client who has impaired vision, for whom I produce all information materials in a large font onto A3 paper.Another client who has dyslexia has benefited from resources which I copy onto yellow paper.To meet the needs of clients who have limited mobility I organise the timetable so that their course is on the ground floor rather than on the first floor.I currently support a client on a language course whose health has deteriorated recently due to arthritis/operations. The class took place on the first floor and she was finding the stairs difficult (we do not have a lift). When this was broug ht to my attention, I met her needs by moving the class to the ground floor for ease of access.Prior to courses starting enrolment forms are completed by either myself or by clients and once clients commence their courses these forms are sent to Head Office and centrally stored. Enrolment forms that remain on-site are held in locked filing cabinets. each data which is held electronically e.g. spreadsheet of students on current courses containing any personal details such as date of birth/ skin senses details is tidings protected. This is all carried out in line with Data Protection Act 1988.Northumberland County Council holds a clean desk policy therefore any client information is locked away at the end of each dayIn the reception area of my centre a variety of leaflets are on display in racks covering topics such as course information and safeguarding. These can be accessed by clients at any time.In the line with the Equality Act 2010 I can contact Head Office to obtain leaflets in other languages.In my centre I have set up a spreadsheet which holds information on current students such as-NamePostcodeContact DetailsDate of BirthCourseStart/End datePayment methodThis is password protected and kept up to date and easily accessible.Head Office centrally hold all enrolment forms once clients have commenced a course, however the electronic system EBS is not always up to date (the front end of the database which we have access to) and sometimes it is difficult to retrieve information on current clients.If clients have a change of circumstance, I use online forms to notify Head Office of this e.g. should they move address, contact details, or withdraw from a course. Copies of any changes are also kept on file in office/within course registers.Online forms, once submitted now automate an acknowledgement that they have been received via e-mail. Copies of this e-mail are kept in folders within my e-mail i.e. Withdrawal confirmation as well as a paper copy of the subm itted form.I monitor all information leaflets in the centre ensuring that they are up to date and re-order when necessary.

Procurement Purchasing Supplier

procural Purchasing SupplierAfter having investigated briefly in general the concept of procurance and the emergence of the concept of procurance , it is imperative for us in this chapter to delve in detail the summary of the concept of procural , the various theories which have been predicated at the international level and their relevance for our subject field under investigation . We would also have to critic tot allyy scrutinise how the different instances of procural rough-and-readyness beatments stack serve up us in our analysis to delve in greater detail the relevance of procurement from the perspective of SOM . It is serious that we have to undertake a holistic approach in the investigation of procurement practices and procurement effectiveness in our literature Review chapter for this forms the foundation of our secondary research. Our primary research which would be delved in detail in the subsequent chapters would be further developed on the strong foundations of this chapter. In the final analysis we would be utilising in comme il faut measure the concepts from the secondary research as they develop in this chapter and couple it with our derivations from primary research to gain a greater in-depth understanding of procurement practices in knock down Oman and hypothesize applicable recommendations and remedial solutions for bringing about effective changes in the present operational systems at SOMDefinition of procuralRelevance it is important for our study to understand clearly the meaning and exact phraseology behind procurement for the purposes of investigation of procurement practices in SOM . Since Procurement is an extremely broad concept which has pertinence from strategical , operations and tactical level , various definitions would have to be looked into and strategically decipher their level of applicability for our purpose of investigation .Procurement, purchasing, and provider oversight be all terms apply extensively. They may mean the same or sometimes may have signifi advi put together differences. Since the term procurement covers more areas, from operational to strategic levels, Knudsen (1999) has summarized the different terms, use for acquiring good and services in the following table.LevelTermMeaningStrategicSupply counselingTo be aware of the strategic impact of procurement and fully exploit it by formulating a supply strategyTacticalProcurementTo satisfy inseparable demands with external sources which adhere to objectives set at the strategic levelOperationalPurchasingThe negligible activities required to obtain external products or services that gist in invoice from an external sourceTimo et al (2005), argued in their document, the quantitative definition of purchasing is not accurate and suggest to a broader scope of purchasing, adding pensions, former(a) personnel salutes, financial expenses and increase in assets within the scope. They define Purchasing as Invoices or payments nursing homed on exchange of physical objects, services or rights. There are two basic guinea pigs of purchasing in the business world(1) Purchasing for resale and (2) purchasing for consumption or conversion (Dobler and Burt, 1996). Purchasing for resale is performed principally by merchants. Industrial buyers buy fabrics, services etc. for manufacturing companies, service business, institutions, utilities, and various government agencies. Other definitions of Procurement are as followsProcurement is the acquisition of systems, goods or services at the best possible total bell of ownership, in the right quantity, at the right time,in the right place for the direct upbeat or use of the governments, corporations, or individuals generally via, but not limited to a contract. (Project focusing Body of Knowledge, 2000)Procurement is the process of acquiring goods, works and services, top both acquisition from third parties and from in-house providers. The process spans the whole life from identification of indigence, through to the end of a service contract or the end of the multipurpose life of an asset. It involves options appraisal and the critical make or buy decision which may closure in the provision of services in-house in appropriate circumstances. (The Procurement process The Buyers Magazine, 2000).In the context of a procurement process, obtaining best determine for money means choosing the bid that offers the optimum combination of whole life cost and benefits to meet the customers requirement. (National Procurement Strategy for Local Government in England, 2003)The Importance of ProcurementRelevance The immensity of procurement in the changing nervus of corporate scenario of today is all the more important as there is a greater strategic interface between the procurement plane section and the former(a) key departments within functional world(prenominal) corporate entities . In this regard the study of importance of procurement as a ter minology would help us in understanding and appreciating the strategic shift in focus of procurement operations from tactical to a crucial strategic level . This would help us in highlighting the importance of procurement practices in organisations such as SOM under investigation Many authors wrote about the importance of procurement function in todays organization and how it can impact the bottom quarter. Different terms are used in the literature, Procurement, Purchasing or Supply management but they all apply to the process of acquiring goods and services for the business, which account for a huge corporate expenditure.The following main objectives show how the procurement function can chip in to a companys competitiveness (Axelsson et al, 2005) Cost optimisation (e.g. lower transaction be and overhead costs) Asset utilisation (e.g. outsourcing and line management) Value creation (e.g. process/products breeding and quality improvement)According to Procurement strategy counci l, the procurement function today is viewed as an important component of a firms strategic arsenal, the modern purchasing department can reduce a firms operational expenditure through streamlined purchasing and price reductions for goods and services. The article discuss that a smart purchasing can reduce costs 20% to 30%, freeing up funds to be used elsewhere. The realization that purchasing can impact bottom line saving has elevated procurements strategic importance. (Procurement Strategy Council, 2001)Improving the Bottom LineReductions in Procurement Costs Directly Affect Net IncomeIncome Statement (in millions US$) Initial 3% Reduction in ORRevenues $1000$1000Operating Resources (OR) $350 $339Direct Materials$220$220Wages, Salaries, Benefits$200$200Depreciation$110 $110Taxes $60$60Net Income After Taxes $60$71Reducing purchasing costs translates directly into bottom line savings. By lowering OR costs by $11 million, a firm directly raises its after tax income by the same amount . origin (Procurement Strategy Council, 2001)Further, van Weele describes in his book, ways that procurement can contribute to the companys competitiveness. They play a critical berth in quality assurance by working with suppliers to ensure higher(prenominal) quality standards regarding succeeding(prenominal) goods and services. Procurement can also effect how quickly a firm responds to changes in demand, through increased involvement in supply chain coordination and inventory management. In addition, by reducing purchasing costs the function can contribute to substantial price reductions of the end product. The leverage effect of purchasing can be considerable depending on the purchasing-to-sales ratio and the capital turnover ratio. (van Weele, 2005)Nowadays companies outsource most of their activities, increasing their reliance on the competitiveness of their suppliers. . (J. Hamilton, 2002). As a support case study, the case of Toyota cars (Japan), can be highlighted, wherein 83% of all activities are outsourced form various global suppliers. (Toyota, 2000). This makes the process of procurement quintessential and in fact the most important, in todays business world. If a company procures the right quality products, at the right price, with the right deli actually schedule, only thus and past alone can it remain productive and competitive in todays surroundings (Ian McMillan, 2005) This shows that if the procurement process is not right, then the company product, the company image, competitiveness et al would surely take a dive.According to van Weele, This is why management has become increasingly aware of the purchasing function.Once regarded as a reactive activity, the procurement and sourcing process at leading firms is at the forefront of responding to and creating change. (Procurement Strategy Council, 2001)Within the past year, several new research initiatives from different relevant perspectives prove persuasively that excellence in procurement can lead to a host of proven, quantifiable business benefits (Procurement Strategy council, 2001). Lower operating costs, higher ROI, and a direct office to the bottom line are among the principal advantages that have been documented. The increased impact from purchasing on corporate performance is support by a study recently conducted by IBM Business Consulting Services. In the study, called The 2005 Chief Procurement Survey, purchasing managers and otherwise people in leading positions at companies around the world were interviewed concerning the current and future role of purchasing. Many reasons to the increased importance are pointed out, for example the growth in outsourcing, corporate restructuring and increased supplier note tax adding and risk. (The 2005 Chief Procurement Survey, 2005)Another study, conducted by business consultancy Archstone Consulting, found that nearly 90 percent of participants agreed that procurement plays a strategic role in the competitiveness o f their organization, but needs to be further elevated in the organizational hierarchy to be very effective. (Supply and Demand Chain Executives, 2004)The best-practice companies truly understand the power of procurement, says Pierre Mitchell, a director at The Hackett Group, which recently concluded an in-depth research into the procurement practices of more than 300 companies, found that world-class organizations yield 133 percent greater return on their investment in procurement than the average companies. The bottom line is that world-class companies continue to take a very different view of procurement, looking at it as an investment rather than as a cost center, says Mitchell. This is how they generate the millions of dollars in additional savings that other companies dont see. (Quinn, 2005)Ready or not, procurement is moving to center stage, with top billing on the corporate agenda. At companies around the world, CEOs and boards are counting on procurement initiatives to ke ep their businesses favourable positioned in todays intensely competitive marketplace. (The Global CPO Survey, 2005)To understand the new found omnipotence of the procurement process in organisational hierarchy, it is imperative to understand the stages of discipline of the process, right from its inception (Quinn, 2005).Historical DevelopmentRelevance The historical development of procurement would help us to analyse the changing face and role of global procurement practices and understand critically how over the years the concept of procurement has begun to occupy the one of the centre stages for corporate performance . As would be revealed in this section we would find that procurement can no longer be visualised as an isolated entity but has to be strongly viewed as an indispensable and integral part of the process of company operations. The historical development of procurement would add on a chronological dimension to understand the growing importance of procurement over t he past decades .In the early 1970s, Ansoff, opined that the purchasing process played a passive role in the business organization and did not have any strategic role. (Ellram and Carr, 1994). The 1973-74 oil crisis and associate raw materials shortages drew significant attention to the importance of purchasing. However, top management and purchasing professionals, did not react to enhance the role of purchasing in corporate strategy until when Porter came with his famous five force model that shape the competitive nature of industry, place buyers and suppliers as two of the five critical forces. Thus, the strategic importance of the supplier and the firm as a buying entity began receiving recognition in the mainstream strategy literature. (Ellram and Carr, 1994). Since then 1980s the attitude toward procurement was changes and evolving to a more strategic level.According to the procurement strategy council article, the procurements movement from a tactical to a more strategic rol e in corporate operations is predicated on a broader shift in corporate strategy. Before World War II, purchasing departments accounted for barely 20% of corporate expenditures. Today, purchasing departments are responsible for 50% to 70% of corporate expenditures. This explanation is supported by Monczka et al. First, that the role of purchasing is presently being reshaped in order to fit the modern economy. This is related to the increasing globalisation, technology development and changing consumer demands. Another conclusion, according to Monczka et al, is that purchasing must continue its integration with customers, information systems, operations etc. (Monczka et al, 2000)The following table shows a compilation of strategic and operation tasks carried out in the procurement function.Strategic Procurement signalize infallible capabilities to match the customers needs regarding flexibility, innovation, agility, quality, responsiveness, cost levels and price levelsAssess ones ow n capabilities (Knowledge, technology, capacity, competence, long term importance, total cost)Assess supplier capabilities (knowledge, technology, capacity, competency, long term imprtance, total cost, type of market, localisation, and substitutability)Model cost drives for items purchasedModel Single/ Multiple sourcing effect on total costModel how supplier relationship affect total cost (cost benefit of engaging in a close supplier relationship)For close supplier relationships share information and knowledge and make relation-specific investmentsProcurement ProcessIdentify needsConduct market analysisSend out and expedite RFxDo Background reviewNegotiate contracts and select suppliersPurchase order consummationMonitor supplier performanceInternal TasksAnalyse corporate spendingParts bundlingAggregated corporate expendituresDevelop relationships with intrinsic customersReduce insurrectionist buying and promote complianceDisseminating procurement relation informationExternal Task sScan for innovationsMonitor, disseminate and stimulateDevelop new sourcesFoster external capabilitiesSource Strategic Procurement Council, 2001.Value Improvement (Value Based Procurement The Organisational Quintessential)Relevance It is important for us to understand the concept behind value improvements or value based procurement . The fact that tangible and intangible values could be quantified to procurement products and services makes the study of procurement systems all the more interesting for explicit mathematical extrapolation of the relevant results. Value systems and the ability to attribute value systems makes the procurement operational systems multidimensional and unique . Furthermore this is a system which could be aptly applied for effecting improvements in procurement systems for SOM, therefore a thorough investigation of the relevant concept is deemed important for our investigation . To be successful in business, we need to satisfy our customer by providing th em with something they perceive as value. Since we are dealing with internal customers and suppliers, the concept of value becomes vital, which is directly linked to customer satisfaction. High customer satisfaction means their needs are met at high level. The customers pull up stakes be satisfied if the product or service provides them with value. The term value is used in every day business language however it is often misused and misunderstood. The concept of value has many definitions (Zeithaml, 1988 Anderson et al., 1993 Monroe, 1990 Gale, 1994 Woodruff, 1997) but generally they are not distinct. Common themes throughout these definitions are that (Dumond, 2000) Customer value is linked to the use of a product or service, thereby removing it from personal values Customer value is perceived by the customers rather than objectively determined by the seller and Customer value typically involves a trade-off between what the customer receives (e.g. quality, benefits, worth) and wha t he or she gives up to acquire and use a product or service (e.g. price, sacrifices).The concept of value is important for this study since our purpose is to illustrate value improvement initiatives to enhance the current procurement system with savage Oman Marketing. According to Hill (2005), value can be classified under two headings economic consumption Value The properties and qualities that accomplish the function of service or product.Esteem value the properties, features or attractiveness that causes people to want to own or use it.Value, therefore, consists of a combination of use and esteem properties related to the cost of providing them. However, the measure of value added is directly linked to customer satisfaction. The mensuration of procurement activities based on traditional efficiency report, and short terms savings doesnt support value base procurement. In order to reflect shift in the focus in procurement activities, new measurement techniques must be target at those activates which reflect value to the stakeholder. (Butler, 1995). An interesting study conducted by Dumond (1994) about creating a value base procurement. Based on his finding, many firms the operating environment does not support value-based purchasing. Senior management plays a critical role in developing an environment that leave alone support and encourage value-based purchasing, the following steps are recommendedFocus individual purchasers on customers needs and identify the value-adding processes Develop a performance measurement system that emphasizes quality, process improvement, and customer satisfaction Integrate purchasing into the firms communication system (elevate if needed) Educate-not only individual purchasers but also their customers.2.4Value Analysis FrameworkTo analysis value in a system, it impart be useful to the use the value analysis procedure, which is discussed in Terry Hill book of Operation worry (2005). The steps involved areSelect the service or productGather information about itAnalysis its function and its value for money buckle under alternative ways to provide the same function through speculation and brain-stormingAssess the worth of these ideas.Decide what is to be doneImplement the decisionsEvaluate the resultEFQM Excellence ModelRelevance EFQM system analysis is extremely important for our investigation because EFQM model based on European models of operational management and pure tone management help us through an exhaustive interface between strategic inputs and outputs to measure the effectiveness of procurement systems and delve on the findings to derive adequate strengths and measures for any procurement operational system . Since our investigation is essentially based on finding the points of improvement in SOM and capitalising on the strengths an understanding of the relevant model is highly warranted for our investigation and proposed study . Moreover since EFQM model visualise the operational mechanic s of procurement system from multidimensional angles it is imperative for us to investigate the mechanics of operation of EFQM model in sufficient details for finding the relevant applicability for our study under investigation . The European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) is widely discussed in the literature and many organizations have applied it as a tool around for assessing all feels of an organisations activities and results. According to EFQM, the model is intended to promote unbroken improvement and is an aid to effective benchmarking. Excellence Model was introduced at the beginning of 1992 as the framework for assessing organisations for the European Quality Award. Now it became the most widely used organisational framework in Europe and considered as the basis for the majority of national and regional Quality Awards.2.4.2Benefit of EFQMThe EFQM Excellence Modelis abusiness model toolthat can be applied in many different waysAs a business model for being able to assess separately the competency of the organization by the organisation itself.As a measure to benchmark other organisational functioning and strategy.As an improvement tool for highlighting areas to improve.As a common denominator, standard measurement scale or a common vocabulary.As a structural guide for the management of any organisation.The rudiments of the EFQM Excellence model are based on nine criterions which are cannot be prescribed and such are practical in nature and application. tailfin of these are Enablers and quaternion are Results. What a particular organisation does, those factors qualify as Enablers. The achievement of an organisation qualifies as the Results Criterion. Results are caused by Enablers and Enablers are better using feedback from Results.Excellent results with respect to Performance, Customers, People and Society are achieved through lead driving Policy and Strategy that is delivered through People, Partnerships and Resources, and Processes. (Procurement modelling-a discussion, Harvard Review Press, 1996)The Fundamental imagination of EFQM Excellence Model areResults Orientation Every organisation should look for the outcome of enablers to delight customers. . Customer Focus Excellence is creating sustainable customer value. Leadership and Constancy of Purpose Excellence is visionary backed by inspirational leadership, with constancy of purpose. . Management by Processes and Facts Excellence is managing the organisation through a set of interdependent and interrelated systems, processes and facts. People Development and Involvement Excellence is maximising employee contribution through employee development and involvement. Continuous Learning, Innovation and Improvement Excellence is challenging the status quo and bringing change by learning and innovation. Partnership Development Excellence is developing and maintaining value-adding partnerships. Corporate Social Responsibility Excellence is exceeding the minimum reg ulatory framework in which the organisation operates and to strive to understand and respond to the expectations of their stakeholders in society(Harvard Review Press, 1996)2.5 Procurement Value Improvement Framework (The Shell Oman perspective)The structure of literature is in line with the value analysis framework. First, we identified the service we want to investigate, which procurement activities in Shell Oman Marketing. Secondly, we provided information about the procurement function in Shell Oman and its structure. Thirdly, we use Soft System Methodology (SSM), which is strong in analyzing a holistic situation and capture qualitative data. The SSM will only be used to develop understanding of the challenges exist in the current system. Unstructured Interview is strong in determine many qualities aspect which will be useful in revealing out issues and problems that other method of research can meet this object effectively. Therefore, to get different perception, it will be use ful to carry out a survey through an interview with five key internal business stakeholders to analysis the strength and weakness of current contract and procurement activities. Fourthly, we dig in the literature and journals to search for ways of adding value improvement to procurement function. Plus, interviews with two large companies in standardised field to identifying the industry best practice in procurement function. Fifthly, an analysis of all the procurement best practices generated from above stage, which will be discussed in chapter 4 in detail. Sixthly, in chapter 5, based on the analysis, we will recommend the way forward. Unfortunately, this research will be limited at the recommendation stage and will not have the opportunity to implement and evaluation the result.2.6The Purchasing Maturity (Organisational Stratagem)We can observe that the purchasing role in providing added value has evolved and has been modified on with the importance and the place taken by purch asing in organizations. In figure 3 the main values added by purchasing are related to each of the evolution stages towards purchasing maturity (van Weele, 1998).In the first stage the main value added by purchasing is by assuring the continuity of the supply. In the second stage the already purchased items have an increased importance in companys costing cost structure. The role of purchasing then left is to minimize material costs and improve /up the bottom line. Stage 3 would center on co-ordination between various departments .The main values added by purchasing are greater compliance with pre-negotiated contracts, uniform buying policies and systems and capturing the benefits from internal co-ordination. The next stage lays stress on use of inter-functional teams and the reduction pf the total systems costs satisfaction of the internal customer seems to be the main focus of purchasing then. The supply orientation stage envisages the selection of suppliers on strategic company guidelines, requirements, long-term relationships design, supplier lucre management and early involvement in the new product development process. In the final stage the main goal is to design the most effective and efficient value chain possible to serve the end customer. This last stage is characterized by an extensive use of cross- functional supplier development teams and a close collaboration on advance technology with suppliers. (Telgen Sitar, 2001)2.7 Categories of Value Added ProcurementThe literature review highlights five main categories of value added procurement which are representative and important for every organizationBetter contractsImproved purchasing efficiencyCustomer satisfaction ( modify quality and service)Closer and more cooperative relationships with suppliersReduced costs, improved quality and increased time to market resulting from an early involvement of the purchasing department in the new product development process (NPD).The first four categories of values added are based on Leenders and Schiele (1999). Basically, the researcher took one aspect from each of the above categories of value added. The role of the purchasing department should be considered from all possible angles and viewpoints. There is an increasing contribution of the purchasing department in the new process development in todays organisations, with specific and special interests in -the contribution of the purchasing department in the areas of quality, cost and time to market resulting from an early involvement of the purchasing department in the NPD process.The Resource Based View of ProcurementRelevance The analysis of this model for procurement is important for adding diversity to our investigation of procurement systems and their mechanics . Resource based view of procurement is one of the important views for procurement practices from the global perspective especially from the point of view of competing firms in highly dense and competitive markets , wher e because of oligopoly of procurement practising firms each firm would have to pee-pee a set of unique identifiable resources to capitalise on a