Phobias and Addictions as Related to Classical and Operant Conditioning - 1100 Words

Phobias and Addictions as Related to Classical and Operant Conditioning (Coursework Sample) Content: Phobias and Addictions as related to Classical and Operant ConditioningCleon SmithWriters Online UniversityAbstractBoth phobias and addictions represent two emotional challenges which associative learning theorists can explain through classical and operant conditioning. Classical and operant conditioning are among the various methods people learn, either as a learned response to paired stimulus or as modelled behaviors attached to behaviors and consequences that can develop into phobias and addictions. Classical conditioning has been linked to the development as well as treatment of phobias. Classical conditioning has been found effective in treating phobias and has not been found effective in treating addictions. Operant conditioning involves the neurotransmitters in the pain and pleasure region of the brain. Phobias resulting from classical conditioning as well as addictions developed through operant conditioning can be removed through extinction.Classical condition ing is one of the major theories of human behavior. It involves a natural stimulus in relation to the response; thus a previously neutral response creates the response even without the presence of the natural stimulus. On the other hand operant conditioning involves a relationship between a behavior and its consequence. In classical conditioning a neutral signal is placed before a reflex while in contrary to operant conditioning the reinforcement is after the behavior. Classical conditioning on the other hand focuses on the forced behaviors whereas operant conditioning dwells on the voluntary behaviors. Thus we find out that classical conditioning can cause a phobia; and according to American Psychiatric Association, a phobia is an irrational and excessive fear of an object or situation. In most cases, the phobia involves a sense of being endangered or a fear of harm. Yates (2012), ``specific phobia is characterized by extreme and persistent fear of specific objects or situations th at present little or no real threat`` (p.1). On the other hand operant conditioning being another type of associative learning is associated with addiction: and addiction always results when one associates a response, like a positive emotional response that occurs at the same time as a particular effect, such as engaging in the use of a particular substance or engaging in a particular activity .While the two have verse differences they posses some similarities as both being methods to modify behavior and the use of extinction.A phobia is a common anxiety disorder in psychology discipline thus phobias are traditionally irrational fears of an object, situation or activity, where the sufferer takes measures of avoidance, not to face one`s fear. ``Higher-order conditioning allows our learning to be remarkably flexible. We can develop fears of many stimuli, although certain phobias, such as those of snakes, spiders, heights, water and blood are considerably morewidespread than others(Ame rican Psychological Association,2000)All types of phobias may interfere with normal daily functioning, and overwhelming anxiety may develop thus they can develop through classical conditioning as underlined in the following; ``phobias develop through classical conditioning when one stimulus is paired with another resulting in a different response`` Dingfelder(2005),therefore when one has irrational fear of cancer,carcinophobia,this can lead one to associate cancer with fear and anxiety; the news of someone suffering from cancer or even reading articles about cancers sends chills down the spine of the person which can lead to fear and anxiety. Thus to sum it up all phobias and fetishes are products of classical conditioning.Addictions are dependencies on substances or activities, which results when one lacks the ability to limit or stop a certain activity. They occur when one becomes dependent on a particular substance like narcotics or a particular activity like sex.Substance use an d engaging in activities can be pleasurable in most cases though a routine usage or continued activity can become compulsive therefore hindering daily functioning,health,mental processing thus addictions are illnesses that in most cases require treatment. ``Operant conditioning is learning that occurs when an organism associates a response that occurs spontaneously with a particular environmental effect`` (KowalskiWesten, 2011).Addictions are developed through operant conditioning as illustrated; addictions in most cases result when one associates a response, like a pleasurable emotional response which happens simultaneously with a particular activity. Therefore operant conditioning necessitates addictions because of the repeated response that causes a particular effect, which is constantly required. The continual desire causes one to further the use of a particular substance or activity, hence addictions develop. Like the case of alcohol consumption if taken constantly and regularl y drives one to be alcoholic.The American HeritageÂdictiona... Phobias and Addictions as Related to Classical and Operant Conditioning - 1100 Words Phobias and Addictions as Related to Classical and Operant Conditioning (Coursework Sample) Content: Phobias and Addictions as related to Classical and Operant ConditioningCleon SmithWriters Online UniversityAbstractBoth phobias and addictions represent two emotional challenges which associative learning theorists can explain through classical and operant conditioning. Classical and operant conditioning are among the various methods people learn, either as a learned response to paired stimulus or as modelled behaviors attached to behaviors and consequences that can develop into phobias and addictions. Classical conditioning has been linked to the development as well as treatment of phobias. Classical conditioning has been found effective in treating phobias and has not been found effective in treating addictions. Operant conditioning involves the neurotransmitters in the pain and pleasure region of the brain. Phobias resulting from classical conditioning as well as addictions developed through operant conditioning can be removed through extinction.Classical condition ing is one of the major theories of human behavior. It involves a natural stimulus in relation to the response; thus a previously neutral response creates the response even without the presence of the natural stimulus. On the other hand operant conditioning involves a relationship between a behavior and its consequence. In classical conditioning a neutral signal is placed before a reflex while in contrary to operant conditioning the reinforcement is after the behavior. Classical conditioning on the other hand focuses on the forced behaviors whereas operant conditioning dwells on the voluntary behaviors. Thus we find out that classical conditioning can cause a phobia; and according to American Psychiatric Association, a phobia is an irrational and excessive fear of an object or situation. In most cases, the phobia involves a sense of being endangered or a fear of harm. Yates (2012), ``specific phobia is characterized by extreme and persistent fear of specific objects or situations th at present little or no real threat`` (p.1). On the other hand operant conditioning being another type of associative learning is associated with addiction: and addiction always results when one associates a response, like a positive emotional response that occurs at the same time as a particular effect, such as engaging in the use of a particular substance or engaging in a particular activity .While the two have verse differences they posses some similarities as both being methods to modify behavior and the use of extinction.A phobia is a common anxiety disorder in psychology discipline thus phobias are traditionally irrational fears of an object, situation or activity, where the sufferer takes measures of avoidance, not to face one`s fear. ``Higher-order conditioning allows our learning to be remarkably flexible. We can develop fears of many stimuli, although certain phobias, such as those of snakes, spiders, heights, water and blood are considerably morewidespread than others(Ame rican Psychological Association,2000)All types of phobias may interfere with normal daily functioning, and overwhelming anxiety may develop thus they can develop through classical conditioning as underlined in the following; ``phobias develop through classical conditioning when one stimulus is paired with another resulting in a different response`` Dingfelder(2005),therefore when one has irrational fear of cancer,carcinophobia,this can lead one to associate cancer with fear and anxiety; the news of someone suffering from cancer or even reading articles about cancers sends chills down the spine of the person which can lead to fear and anxiety. Thus to sum it up all phobias and fetishes are products of classical conditioning.Addictions are dependencies on substances or activities, which results when one lacks the ability to limit or stop a certain activity. They occur when one becomes dependent on a particular substance like narcotics or a particular activity like sex.Substance use an d engaging in activities can be pleasurable in most cases though a routine usage or continued activity can become compulsive therefore hindering daily functioning,health,mental processing thus addictions are illnesses that in most cases require treatment. ``Operant conditioning is learning that occurs when an organism associates a response that occurs spontaneously with a particular environmental effect`` (KowalskiWesten, 2011).Addictions are developed through operant conditioning as illustrated; addictions in most cases result when one associates a response, like a pleasurable emotional response which happens simultaneously with a particular activity. Therefore operant conditioning necessitates addictions because of the repeated response that causes a particular effect, which is constantly required. The continual desire causes one to further the use of a particular substance or activity, hence addictions develop. Like the case of alcohol consumption if taken constantly and regularl y drives one to be alcoholic.The American HeritageÂdictiona...

The Game Table - Original Writing Essay - 1286 Words

The Game Table Some of the best memories I have with my family is game night. Shockingly, my family will sit down and play board games together every now and again. These aren’t just a regular store bought board game like Monopoly or Sorry, we have a collection of grand master board games. Large, extensive and expensive adventures to array on a table. There has been a whole array of people to play at our table, from siblings, and other family members, to random strangers, I had only met for the first time sitting at the table. It seems like some days, the best bonds are made playing at The Game Table. Typically, there are a few regulars at our antique, 8 person wooden table. Myself, my twin brother, and my older brother. Occasionally my mother, younger brothers, or other friends that tag along join in on board games. We would amass our small platoon of players, pull up our beaten up chairs, and start to define how the day would proceed. Our time on the table was not short lived, it could go on for long hours, missing entire parts of the day succumbed to board games. We were professionals, and dedicated to envelop all of our time into playing games together. The nearly 20 year old table still held up surprisingly well, due to the fact that it has been my dining room table all my life. My group of friends and family all refer to ourselves as something my mom calls us, â€Å"nerds†. None of us can necessarily disagree, we were the ones playing fantasy board games that cost usShow MoreRelatedThe Characters Of Arthurian Hero In Bernard Mallamuds The Natural1194 Words   |  5 Pagessupposed to live up to. In the end, he fails to amount to anything great and loses his chance in becoming a legend numerous time because of his tragic flaws as a character. The Natural is a blend of great American writing and Arthurian legends such as King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table and The Fisher King. In many ways, The Natural mirrors the types characters, symbols, and ev ents that occur in the Arthurian myths mentioned before. Many of the references made in The Natural relate to the storyRead MoreEvaluation Of The Simulation Weekend Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pages to provide us with an indication of the products the consumers are demanding. As it turned out, our 2.2 product was in high demand in Merica 1 and Merica 3 (Table 1). Therefore, we stayed true to our original plan of producing the 2.2 product while putting in sufficient RD to launch a second product, which would be our 1.2 product. Table 1 Before the simulation weekend, part of our production and operations goal was to monitor production expenses closely so that we could stay competitive duringRead MoreAn Article On The Death Of Reading1024 Words   |  5 PagesAdvancements, never ending, never ceasing advancements. Children glued to screens, parents buying new video games, new computers, new phones, new everything. How has it taken so long for us to notice that our generation is slowly becoming wrapped up in our own worlds, neglecting the people around us. Everything around us is about efficacy, what will get me what I want fastest? We want what we want and we want it as fast as possible. This change in time and the advancements in our society has takenRead MoreMemory Is The Sum Total Of What We Remember1674 Words   |  7 Pagesmore physiological or neurological terms, memory is, at its simplest, a set of encoded neural connections in the brain. It is the re-creation or reconstruction of past experiences by the synchronous firing of neurons that were involved in the original experience. As we will see, though, because of the way in which memory is encoded, it is perhaps better thought of as a kind of collage or jigsaw puzzle, rather than in the traditional manner as a collection of recordings or pictures or video clipsRead MoreBritish Literature : Final Exam1300 Words   |  6 PagesBritish Literature II - Final Exam British Literature is filled with diverse and talented writers who through each period has brought something new to the table. Over the course of the term we have covered the Romantic period, the Victorian Age and the Modern period. Each period has had a hand in developing literature through to the modern age and each writer has influenced the next generation. To best examine each period of literature the paper will be split amongst the three major periods theRead MoreBritish Literature : Final Exam1301 Words   |  6 PagesBritish Literature II - Final Exam British Literature is filled with diverse and talented writers who through each period has brought something new to the table. Over the course of the term we have covered the Romantic period, the Victorian Age and the Modern period. Each period has had a hand in developing literature through to the modern age and each writer has influenced the next generation. To best examine each period of literature the paper will be split amongst the three major periods the courseRead MoreCelta Focus on the Learner Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesIran for one year before coming to England. She describes the classes as large, with 30 or more students, and that the focus was on grammar rules, reading and writing. Dolati and Seliman (2011)1 have highlighted that this focus accounts for a general weakness of spoken English amongst Iranians. **** feels that the focus on reading and writing was necessary due to the difficulty of changing from Arabic to Latin script and also changing the direction of the text to left to right. Only occasionally didRead MoreInterview, Primary Sources, Secondary Sources And Questionnaires1512 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy method is really broad, especially for social science, psychology, anthropology and ecology. At the same time can also be applied to the design industry. Case studies include research design, choosing a case, collect data, analyze data and writing reports. Designers need to research customer psychology in the design industry, develop a plan, collect customer idea, analyzes and sums up the direction of a final design. Therefore, Case studies in the design industry provide the viewpoint of systemsRead MoreThe Buyer Of The Carter Electronics Inc.1125 Words   |  5 PagesI am writing in response to represent you, the buyer of the Carter Electronics Inc. to review the companyâ⠂¬â„¢s 2015 financial statements and evaluate the appropriateness of the treatments used in Carter’s 2015 income statements in order to determine the acquisition price. I have identified the users who may be interested in reviewing my report and their objectives: - Joe O’Brien – The objective of Joe O’Brien is to minimize the cost of buying Carter Electronics Inc. by spotting the inappropriatenessRead MoreVideo Games - The Forgotten Art Essay1841 Words   |  8 PagesVideo Games - The Forgotten Art Ask any major in the fine arts for the definition of art. Theyre likely to tell you that it is self-expression through the use of some sort of medium. Most commonly thought of are clay for a sculpture, paint for a masterpiece, even music notes for a four-movement suite. The last thing youd think of is a computer program for a video game. But why not? Dont video games incorporate both artwork and music? Each one is considered art, but many people consider the

How to Make a Mini-Flamethrower With Citrus Oil

Are you looking for a way to play with your food and play with fire at the same time? This project is the perfect solution, plus its very, very easy! Citrus Fire Materials Citrus fruit (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, tangerine... you get the idea)Flame, as from a candle Make Citrus Fire! Peel off a strip of citrus fruit.Snap the peel between your fingers, peel side toward the flame. You want to squirt a tiny amount of oil from the peel or rind toward the flame. Ive uploaded a YouTube video so you can see what to expect. How Citrus Fire Works The oil from citrus fruits is volatile and flammable. When you squeeze the oil out of the fruit peel it vaporizes enough that you can flash your flame. It is primarily the D-limonene in the citrus oil that vaporizes and ignites. The flash point of limonene is 50Â °C. Limonene is used as an orange flavoring, a cleaner, and may have use as a biofuel. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

Auditing Report - Ethical Issues - 1059 Words

Auditing 300 Semester 1, 2012 Assessment one: Individual report Ethical issues in auditing Executive Summary This report provides an analysis of dealing with professional and ethical issues when offering auditing services. It gives a brief decision-making process model by first identifying the key issues and relevant standards involved in the case and then combining theories with reality and giving a short conclusion and some recommendations at the end. 1.0 Introduction Ethical issues in auditing are situations where individuals have to make a choice from unclear and complex alternatives in auditing, where each alternative may be the right choice according to a specific moral position or viewpoint. (Leung et al.2011)†¦show more content†¦(ICAA Auditing and Assurance Handbook 2012)John’s business judgment was clearly influenced by his partner’s action. As a professional accountant, John was supposed to be independent both in mind and appearance. (ICAA Auditing and Assurance Handbook 2012, section 290) Nevertheless, John’s independence was somehow violated due to the conflict of opinions within the audit team. Taking the unfaithful conclusion in the replacing report affects the professional performance of the whole audit team. The second ethical issue involved in this case is whether the audit team embodies integrity in their audit performance. APES 110 s110 says that the principle of integrity imposes an obligation on all Members to be straightforward and honest in all professional and business relationships. (ICAA Auditing and Assurance Handbook 2012)Integrity also implies fair dealing and trustfulness. (ICAA Auditing and Assurance Handbook 2012)In this case, John’s partner, Chandler may encounter self-interest threat, familiarity threat and intimidation threat. He might involve himself in a financial relationship with their client or get too close to their client or feel intimidated by their client. As a result, Chandler offered a pretty-looking report about Moulberg’s internal control. If the audit team adopts Chandler’s report, they will violate the principle of integrity. 4.0 Conclusion As an accountant, the level of sufficiency and appropriateness of audit evidence impacts the value ofShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Auditing Standards On The Agency Theory And Review Common Benefits1291 Words   |  6 Pagesbeginning, this report briefly describes the nature of auditing issues including the independence of auditor – Arthur Anderson and its compliance of auditing standards about the collapse of HIH insurance from five articles. Secondly, it discusses and highlights some ethical issues, stakeholders including the relationships between HIH directors and its auditing team, and outlines their financial and non-financial problems around HIH’s stakeholders. This report also analyze HIH’s auditing issues applyingRead MoreThe Ethics Of Ethics Audit1486 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent fields to analyze ethical risks in organizations. Ethics audit is flexible; it works according to organization’s individual circumstances, including their size, type, le gal structure or industrial sector of operation. Main structure and processes of ethics audit model should be followed. As mentioned before the current ethics audit is based on qualitative research with a methodological triangulation being used. For clarifying auditing process visualization of auditing model in Figure 1 is givenRead MoreEthics Auditing1374 Words   |  6 PagesEthics Auditing: Identify the benefits and limits of ethics auditing. Is there a strategic role that ethics auditing may play in a company? Ethics Auditing By definition, an ethics audit is a â€Å"systematic evaluation of an organization’s ethics program and/or performance to determine its effectiveness.† (1) This concept of ethics auditing is fairly new and few companies have conducted an ethics audit. However, performing such audits will likely become more mainstream as recent legislation encouragesRead MoreThe Enron Scandal Of Enron1052 Words   |  5 Pages According Sherron S. Watkins, the former vice president for corporate development, Enron failed to disclose complicated deals with its partnerships to inflate the stock price. In a report by Enron’s law firm, Arthur Andersen, the accounting firm that was in charge of auditing Enron, was involved and failed to report the partnership transactions, which resulted in the collapse of Enron. Many believed Andersen’s independence was impaired when it audited Enron. Enron and Andersen started to tie closelyRead MoreAdelphi Accounting Scandal Case Study1511 Words   |  6 Pagescreate a stronger ethical climate in the auditing profession, a consequence of the apparent role that auditors played in some of the scandals. SOX mandated that auditors cannot audit the same companies for which they provide consulting services, as this link was perceived to result in audit teams being pressured to perform lax audits in order to secure more consulting business from the clients. There were other provisions in SOX that increased the regulatory burden on the auditing profession in responseRead MoreChallenges Faced By Big Data945 Words   |  4 Pagesthe opportunities for Big Data in auditing are plentiful, there are also challenges that arise. One of the biggest challenges for Big Data is how it may affect the quality of auditors’ judgements. 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Who we are and how we run our business is guided by our ethics program. The purpose of our ethics program is to identify, prevent and correct ethics issues. Our ethics program consists of our Code of Conduct, compliance auditing, two way communications between management and employees, improvement and re-current training on ethical behavior. The policy set forth after this overview is expected to be adhered to by all employees from the CEO, down to the janitorial staff. All employees shouldRead MoreAuditors Independence1295 Words   |  6 PagesWHY IS AUDITOR INDEPENDENCE SO IMPORTANT? Auditing is the efficient critical examination done by one person or group of people’s independent from the system audited. To do an audit, confirmed information must be present and some standards by which the auditor can evaluate the information. Another is gathering and evaluating any information to determine whether the information being audited is identified in accordance with establish criteria to satisfy the purpose of the audit and also auditors mustRead MoreEthics and Compliance Paper Fin/3701357 Words   |  6 PagesStarbucks mission is to not only provide the highest quality of coffee but also make a positive impact on the world. Ethisphere Institute over the last six years has selected the World’s Most Ethical Companies and Starbucks has made the list every year. What are the key components that make Starbucks one of the most ethical companies in the world? Starbucks has developed the Standard of Business Conduct guide for their financial environment, as wel l as the behavior of their employees. Starbucks uses strict

Upton Sinclair s The Jungle - 986 Words

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle is an unashamed example of the journalistic style known as muckraking. Sinclair researched the conditions being fought against during the Progressive Era and painted a picture in literary form for the ignorant readers. The consumerism that taped into the greed of industrialists is drawn out many times. This greed, in turn, drove down the American Standard of living in almost every aspect. With every corner of hope demolished, a path was laid out for all to follow, the Progressive solution to the world: Socialism. The gilded age had produced many industrialists eager to line their pockets. Mass consumerism had given it a hunger from every level of society. (p66) The Factory System made efficient by Fordism was able to chew up not only livestock but people as well. Master artisans’ skill were ignored and their knowledge slaughtered with the animals pushed through the stockyards. The mindless task of simple repeated movements was the reward f or groveling to perform at the lowest wage possible. Demands for higher wages were met with termination of employment. (p247) Sinclair illustrated these facets of Progressive life with his character Jurgis. At the beginning of Jurgis’ journey, Jurgis was in excellent health and very strong. Jurgis’ eagerness to work, strength, and lack of English comprehension were the only characteristics in which the shop foreman was interested. The workman’s queue outside of the factory entrance frequently turned into aShow MoreRelatedUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1989 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Haitians. Upton Sinclair seemed to have a similar view of the Lithuanian immigrants of the 1800s. Upton Sinclair is the author of The Jungle, a book that follows a family of Lithuanian immigrants as they travel to and try to make their way in America. Sinclair used the book to speak out about the issues of America through the eyes of immigrants, including the economic system and the corr uption within the government. The question this paper is required to answer is if Upton Sinclair adequately portrayedRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1832 Words   |  8 Pagesthrough time and meet the author of â€Å"The Jungle†, Upton Sinclair, who will help us to open our eyes how everything was chaos and improved in the Progressive Era. And in that book, we can also see many faces and colors of the social American world had back then. Thanks to Upton Sinclair, because he drew a painting about things worked in the Progressive Era, we could imagine how and live back when America was in the Progressive Era. Upton Sinclair was a muckraker who examined the riseRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe Jungle and Today Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle, follows the life of Jurgis Rudkus, his Lithuanian family, and friends who all recently immigrated to Chicago in search of a better life. Jurgis, Ona, and the rest of their family find jobs in Packington, the meatpacking industry of Chicago. Quickly they discover the difficulties of surviving in the United States during the early 1900’s through financial troubles, unreliable work, illness, and swindling. Through his novel, Sinclair exploitsRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1843 Words   |  8 Pagesfamous people inspire authors to write books written about their achievements, however Upton Sinclair Junior did it backwards. Some of his ninety novels including an autobiography, and in particular The Jungle, changed America forever by using fictitious stories to depict the present issues at that time. Upton Sinclair was an author and activist in the early to mid 1900’s who was passionate about issues involving women s rights, w orking conditions, and the unemployed. He wrote over ninety books in hisRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pagesbetter life. However, this â€Å"better life† was not just given upon arrival, immigrants were not told the horrid experiences, and backbreaking hour, they would face in search for a better life. There is no better representation of this than Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, this book is a very accurate representation of the life of the vast majority of people within the United States. During the time when this book was written there were few jobs, and the jobs that were obtainable were mostly factory jobsRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle2164 Words   |  9 Pagesthose at the top succeed with abundance at the severe expense of those left with nothing at the bottom. The book’s author, Upton Sinclair, sought to show America the cost of its capitalist system. Born into a poor family with wealthy relatives, Sinclair was aware o f social and economic disparity in America from a young age (The Jungle v). The Jungle is the result of Upton Sinclair working undercover for seven weeks in Chicago’s meatpacking industry in 1904, as well as the socialist sentiments whichRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1536 Words   |  7 PagesThe Jungle Upton Sinclair, an American writer and reformer, was born on September 20, 1878, in Baltimore, Maryland. Both of Sinclair’s parents came from prominent families, but Sinclair grew up impoverished because of an alcoholic father. Throughout his childhood, Sinclair lived in conditions that varied from slums to country homes but sometimes his father would spend all the family’s money on alcohol forcing Sinclair and his mother to live with his mother’s wealthy sister in order to surviveRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1630 Words   |  7 PagesWritten at the turn of the 20th century, Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle took place in an era of unprecedented advancement in civilization where the American economy had risen to become one of the wealthiest on the planet. 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Upton Sinclair’s fiction â€Å"The Jungle† entwines the reality of the dangerous and legal conditions of meat industry workers and consumers in Chicago while narrating the lower-class lifestyleRead MoreAnalysis Of Upton Sinclair s The Jungle 2028 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"I aimed for the public’s hearts, and by accident I hit it in the stomach.† This quote was in response to the reaction of Upton Sinclair’s ground breaking exposà ©, â€Å"The Jungle†. On February 26 , 1906 Sinclair shocked the Nation by exposing the horrors of slaughter houses and meat packing plants. Thousands of people have died from food-borne illnesses. E-coli, along with other diseases resulting from filthy food processing was revealed as the murderer. As shocking as it might have been back then

E E Cummings

E E Cummings-life And Work Essay e e cummingse e cummings (no, this is not a typographical error, take note to the way he writes his name) was an unusual, yet highly acclaimed writer of the 20th century. His style of writing was much different than that of any other contemporary or even 18th and 19th century writers. Although difficult to understand at times, e e cummings is a very profound and inventive writer. e e cummings was born Edward Estlin Cummings on October 14, 1894 in Cambridge Massachusetts. His parents were Edward and Rebecca Haswell Clarke Cummings. In 1911, at the age of 17, cummings entered Harvard University. It was there at Harvard where he first published his poetry in 1912 in Harvard Monthly. Then, in 1915, cummings graduated Harvard as Magna cum Laude with a B.A. It was at his graduation where he gave his commencement speech, The New Art. In 1916, cummings received an M.A. for English and Classical Studies at Harvard. After completing his college education, he volunteered to be an ambulance driver with Norton Harjes Ambulance Corps (The American Red Cross) in France in 1917, during World War I. It was while he was overseas when he was imprisoned falsely for three months in a camp on suspicion of French disloyalty. Although this was an unpleasant time in his life, it was there in the camp that changed his life. He was already an excellent writer, but this experience added fuel to his ability. He was released from prison on January 1, 1918. Cummings then returned to New York City, but was drafted by the United States Army in 1918 until Armistice. On December 20, 1919, e e cummings and his girlfriend, Elaine Orr Thayer, welcomed their daughter, Nancy, into the world. Later, on March 19, 1924 cummings married long-time girlfriend Elaine Orr, but they are divorce just a short while later on December 4, 1924. In 1920, after his time in the war and the birth of his daughter, cummings decided to move to Paris, France to study art, but he frequently returned home for visits to the United States. He remained living there only until 1923, when he returned to the US and had his aforementioned wedding and divorce later the next year. While in the US, cummings resided at 4 Patchin Place, Greenwich Village in New York City. In 1925, tragedy struck cummings life when his father died. Two years later in 1927, cummings married Anne Barton. There is some discussion though to his marriages. It was documented that on August 31, 1934, cummings divorced Anne Barton, yet it was also documented that in 1932, cummings was married to Marion Morehouse. There is some argument, however, to whether or not cummings and Morehouse had an actual wedding ceremony. In 1947, cummings once again suffers loss when his mother dies. On September 3, 1962, cummings died of a brain hemorrhage in North Conway, New Hampshire. Throughout the course of his life, e e cummings had many great accomplishments. As early as 1917, cummings work was published in Eight Harvard Poets. In 1920, cummings poetry and prose form writing appeared in the Dial. In 1922, his first very famous prose work, The Enormous Room, was published. The book recounted his stay in a French camp where he was imprisoned during World War I. He then wrote his first book of verse, Tulips and Chimneys, in 1923. XLI Poems and were written in 1925. Later that same year, he received the Dial award for distinguished service to American letters. Also in 1925, he was an essayist for Vanity Fair and other journals until 1927. In 1927 his play him was produced by the Provincetown Players in New York City. During these years he exhibited his paintings and drawings, but they failed to attract as much critical interest as his writings. .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a , .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a .postImageUrl , .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a , .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a:hover , .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a:visited , .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a:active { border:0!important; } .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a:active , .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9dc28d5d5188363cbd75bfd1663da25a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Augustine And Love Essay Eimi (1933) recorded, in 432 pages of experimental prose, a 36-day visit to the Soviet Union, which confirmed his individualist repugnance for collectivism. In 1933, he received a Guggenheim fellowship. In 1950, cummings was inducted to the Fellowship of American Academy of Poets. In 1952, cummings gave back to Harvard University by accepting the job of Charles Elliot Norton Proffessor until 1953. He published his discussions as the professor of poetry lecturing in i: six nonlectures. Then, in 1955, he received a special citation for Poems 1923-1954 by National Book Awards. In 1957 cummings was awarded the Bollingen Prize in Poetry and the Boston Arts Festival Award. After his death, Complete Poems: 1913-1962 was published in 1972.Category: English

Evolution of the Philippine Flag Essay Sample free essay sample

The First KKK ( Kataastaasan at Kagalanggalang Katipunan ng Mga Anak ng Bayan–The Highest and Most Honorable Society of the Sons of the Nation ) Flag ( 1892 ) With the constitution of the Katipunan. Andres Bonifacio requested his married woman. Gregoria de Jesus. and with the aid of Benita Rodriguez to make a flag for the society. De Jesus created a simple ruddy flag bearing the society’s acronym. KKK. in white and arranged horizontally at the centre of a rectangular piece of ruddy fabric ( locally called â€Å"kundiman† ) . The colour ruddy represents the blood and bravery of the Katipuneros who stood ready to contend for freedom and shed their blood if demand be. This was the flag which was developed during the â€Å"First Cry of Nationhood† at the territory of North Manila in August 1896. This was the first official flag of the society. | Early Katipunan One-K flag. In some countries. merely one while missive K was positioned on a rectangular piece of ruddy fabric. The Second Katipunan Flag ( 1892 ) . Some members of the Katipunan used other fluctuations. A ruddy flag with the three white missive Ks arranged in an equilateral trigon. a form prominent in Philippine radical imagination. at the centre of the rectangular field. | Andres Bonifacio’s Flag ( 1892 ) . Andres Bonifacio â€Å"the male parent of katipunan† . had a personal flag which represents a white Sun with an indefinite figure of beams on a field of ruddy. Below the Sun are three white Ks arranged horizontally. This flag was foremost shown on August 23. 1896 during the Cry of Pugadlawin where the Katipuneros gather tore their cedulas ( canvass revenue enhancement certifications ) in defiance of Spanish authorization. The flag was used subsequently during the Battle of San Juan del Monte on August 30. 1896. the first major conflict of the Filipino Revolution. This was besides used by the war cantonment of Bonifacio. the â€Å"Great Plebeian† ( â€Å"Dakilang Anak Pawis† ) . | Katipunan 1st Degree Flag ( 1892 ) . A ruddy flag with one white missive K at the centre of the field. crossed by a native blade ( â€Å"tabak† ) indicating downwards and a little skull above the missive K. This was accepted to beat up the Katipuneros belonging to the lowest rank or class. Katipunan 2nd Degree Flag ( 1892 ) . A ruddy flag similar to the 1st degree design. but with two K’s and no skull symbol. This was supposed to beat up the in-between ranks of the Katipuneros. Katipunan 3rd Degree Flag ( 1892 ) . A ruddy flag. once more. with three K’s and sword mark. for the highest ranks of the society. War Camp of Katipuneros of Malibay. Pasay ( 1896 ) . This conflict flag had the Masonic trigon on the left. with the Malibay Katipunero description over a ruddy field. The Revolutionary Government ( 1897 – 1899 ) Pio del Pilar’s Rising Sun Flag ( 1896 ) . A ruddy flag with a white trigon on the left side. became celebrated through General Pio del Pilar of San Pedro de Makati ( the hero of Makati and one of the most sure generals of Emilio Aguinaldo ) . who used it up to the Pact of Biak-na-Bato. The triangular strip at the left side led the national flag design. At each of the angles of the trigon was a missive K. The lifting Sun in the center had eight beams stand foring the first eight united states that were placed under soldierly jurisprudence by the Spanish colonial authorities for lifting up in rebellion viz. . Tarlac. Nueva Ecija. Pampanga. Bulacan. Manila. Cavite. Laguna and Batangas. The flag was called Bandila ng Matagumpay ( The Flag of the Victorious ) and was foremost used on July 11. 1895. The flag was besides one of the first to exemplify an eight-rayed Sun. General Mariano Llanera’s conflict Skull Flag ( 1896 ) . General Mariano Llanera who fought in the states of Bulacan. Tarlac. Pampanga. and Nueva Ecija used a dull-looking black flag. with the individual white missive K and the skull and crossbones symbol. The black colour of the flag was inspired by the goon worn during the secret induction rites of the first grade Katipuneros. The flag was for the cantonment of General Mariano Llanera of Cabiao. Nueva Ecija. who earned for himself a repute as a brave and foolhardy combatant. â€Å"Let us fight to the coating. † was one of his favourite comments. Owing more to Freemasonry than to traditional Katipunero imagination. This flag looked like the pirates’ streamer in the Caribbean. It is said that Andres Bonifacio made merriment of this flag. naming it Bungo ni Llanera or Llanera’s skull. The Aguinaldo-Magdalo Flag ( August 30. 1896 ) . When the revolution heated up. the Magdiwang group of the Katipunan. which operated in Cavite under Gen. Santiago Alvarez. adopted a flag consisting of a ruddy flag with the character at the Centre of the flag is a K in an ancient Filipino alphabet or alibata book in white placed at the centre of a Sun with eight pointed beams. once more stand foring the Katipunan and the eight radical states in Luzon that pledged its support to contend under Aguinaldo’s streamer and to get down the Filipino revolution. This was the flag adopted by General Emilio Aguinaldo for his Magdalo group at Kawit. Cavite on August 30. 1896. General Aguinaldo referred to this flag in his announcement of October 31. 1896: â€Å"Filipino people! ! The hr has arrived to cast blood for the conquering of our autonomy. Assemble and follow the flag of the Revolution – it stands for Liberty. Equality and Fraternity. † Due to the popularity of General Aguinaldo. it was used by the radical forces until December 30. 1897 when it was hauled down from the Flagstaff at Biak-na-Bato. meaning the terminal of warfare with Spain after the peace understanding. This flag became the first official streamer of the radical forces and was blessed in a crowd celebrated. The Magdalo cabal of the Katipunan. which besides operated in Cavite under Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo. used a flag likewise to the Magdiwang faction’s. It features a white Sun with a ruddy baybayin missive Ka. This symbol has late been revived by a breaking away group of ground forces officers naming themselves the Magdalo Group. These officers rebelled against the authorities of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo at the bid of Senator Gregorio Honasan. The First Republic ( 1899 – 1901 ) Gregorio del Pilar’s Tricolor Flag ( 1897 ) . The first Filipino tricolour. A flag about likewise to the present National Flag was used by General Gregorio del Pilar. â€Å"boy hero of the Battle of Tirad Pass† and â€Å"The Young General of the Katipunan. † The upper ruddy band stood for the Katipunan colour ; the lover black was motivated by General Llanera’s flag ; and the bluish trigon at the left indicates chumminess with the radical flag of Cuba. another settlement of Spain which was besides in rebellion and like the Philippines. it was in a province of revolution for independency from Spain. The flag took its last base against the Americans in Tirad Pass. Ilocos Sur. supporting the withdrawing ground forcess of Aguinaldo. â€Å"Sun of Liberty Flag† ( March 17. 1897 ) . The first official flag of the radical authorities of General Emilio Aguinaldo. The first Filipino national flag. A ruddy flag with a white Sun of eight beams. typifying the hunt for autonomy. This was adopted by the radical leaders at their assembly in Naic. Cavite on March 17. 1897. It was a transformed version of the Aguinaldo-Magdalo flag. with a fabulous Sun at the centre. The last radical flag represented the desires for independency of the Filipino state as a whole. instead than the Katipunan society entirely. for the Sun ( state ) had replaced the KKK as the centre of their mark. It was raised and waved during some of the bloodiest yearss of the revolution. but unluckily. it did non last long. The flag served as the national flag and was used for less than a twelvemonth because the Filipinos signed a armistice with Spanish governments ( Pact of Biak-na-Bato ) on December 14 to 15. 1897. On December 27. 1897. the first stage of the Filipino Revolution ended with the sign language of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato between the fighting Spanish colonial authorities and the ill armed and uncompensated voluntary ground forces of Katipuneros. The armistice ushered in a period of false peace before another storm was released in the land. The leaders of the Katipunan decided to contend under Aguinaldo’s streamer. Aside from being officially educated. Aguinaldo was winning his conflicts while Bonifacio was struck by a figure of losingss. For this same ground. Aguinaldo’s flag was said to hold become the footing for the design of the new flag of the radical authorities – the Sun of Liberty. This same radical authorities was responsible for telling the executing of Andr es Bonifacio. Bonificio was charged with lese majesty for provocative rebellion against the new authorities. The flag was approved on March 17. 1897 in Naic. Cavite. â€Å"The Sun and the Stars. † The 2nd stage of the Filipino revolution ( 1898-1902 ) began the hopes for making the first Philippine democracy. And one of the first undertakings of the laminitiss who were exiled abroad is to bring forth the flag and a new anthem. the symbols of a province. The Filipino national flag was designed by Emilio Aguinaldo during his expatriate in Hong Kong. The flag was sewn at 535 Morrison Hill. Hong Kong by Mrs. Marcela Marino Agoncillo – married woman of the first Filipino diplomat. Felipe Agoncillo. because of her run uping accomplishments with the aid of her girl Lorenza and Mrs. Delfina Herbosa de Natividad. niece of Dr. Jose P. Rizal and married woman of General Salvador Natividad. they skilfully sewed what was subsequently to be known as â€Å"The Sun and the Stars. † The flag was completed within five yearss and handed over to Emilio Aguinaldo before he returned to the Philippines. The flag was unfurled for the first clip on t he balcony of Emilio Aguinaldo’s place in Cavite on June 12. 1898 in announcement of independency from Spain. This flag was used June 12. 1898 – April 1. 1901 and had the same ruddy and bluish as found on the Cuban flag. The flag was flown with the ruddy band on top during the Philippine-American war. The flag’s design radius of the Filipinos’ sprit and their deep yearning for the state. A white trigon on the flag stood for equality ; the upper band of dark blue for peace. truth and justness. the lower band of ruddy for nationalism and bravery. the sunburst of eight beams stand foring the first eight states that took up weaponries against Spain and the three stars typifying Luzon. the Visayas and Mindanao. For the period of the US military authorities in the Philippines. there was an unwritten prohibition on the Filipino flag and usage of the national colourss. Once a civil authorities was recognized. the unwritten prohibition was relaxed. However. due to the loyal nature of Filipinos and their usage and show of their flag and the national colourss. and several incidents related to their nationalism. the Flag Law was passed. The Flag Law or Act No. 1696 ( An act to forbid the show of flags. streamers. emblems. or devices used in the Philippine islands for the intent of rebellion or rebellion against the governments of the United States and the show of Katipunan flags. streamers. emblems. or devices and for other intents ) was passed on September 6. 1907. The US flag was used as the official flag of the Philippines 1898-1946. There were legion efforts to get rid of the Flag Law and eventually on October 22. 1919. Act No. 2871 was passed get rid ofing the Flag Law. On October 24. 1919 Pr oclamation No. 19 was issued set uping October 30. 1919. as a public vacation to be known as Flag Day. However. the Filipino flag now had the American ruddy and bluish. instead than the Cuban ruddy and bluish. This flag was adopted as the official flag of the Philippines on March 26. 1920. by Act No. 2928. On March 25. 1936. President Manuel Quezon issued Executive Order No. 23 which restricted the official description and specifications of the Filipino flag. This flag was used when the Philippines was granted independency in 1946 and until 1981 and so once more in 1986 until 1998. The Filipino flag was banned once more in 1942 when the Nipponese attacked in World War II. The Nipponese flag was used until the Japanese-sponsored Second Republic of the Philippines was established in 1943. The flag prohibition was lifted and the Filipino flag from the 1936 specifications became official one time once more. The flag was flown in its wartime province by the Commonwealth de jure authorities 1941-1945 and by the Japanese-sponsored Second Republic de facto authorities 1944-1945. The Commonwealth was at war against the axis forces while the Second Republic was at war against the associated forces. In 1981. President Ferdinand Marcos ordered the colourss of the Filipino flag be changed back to the original Cuban colourss. Allegedly. the flag mills did non hold a Cuban blue so a sky blue was used alternatively. This colour design was abolished and the old colourss from 1936 were restored in 1986. after President Marcos fled to Hawaii. | Due to much argument amongst historiographers at to which type of blue was right. the blue was changed to royal blue as a understanding by Republic Act No. 8491 which was passed on February 12. 1998. This is the current version of the Philippine National Flag.