Highly Assimilated Cherokee

DON HUNT LESSON 5 CHAPTER 9 write Assignment Questions How would you describe Jacksons military posture toward the Indians? Jackson matt-up the Indians deserved to have land of their accept, tho land that the government would plume aside for them. He still felt that they should be taught the arts of civilizations so they could co-exist with the white man. To what extent was the removal instinctive, as Jackson suggested? The removal was voluntary only if they wanted to be displaced from their homelands and where their forefathers were buried.If they decided to stay, they would have to obey the laws of the States. What kind-hearted of life did the Cherokee writer expect to acknowledge in the western filth? The Cherokee writer did non expect to find a very fat life in the western territory. He mentioned that they were not of there they knew slide fastener of the land. He also mentions that there atomic number 18 others that are there now, and they would chitchat them as i ntruders. Those that are not from there, are awaiting in the dark and result pounce on them as prey for they are no continuing interested in an abundance life, but into stripping another of theirs. wherefore does Jackson believe that Indians and whites cannot live together? Jackson believes though the Indians are human they are not White and ordain not set as the Whites want, thus, making it hard for the Indians and the Whites to live harmoniously together. Is his position borne expose by the history of the Cherokee? No, his position is not out of the history of the Cherokee, but of the history of the White inflicting their laws on the Cherokee. Do Budinots arguments in upgrade of removal make sense?Budinots arguments make sense for removal only if you are looking to give the Cherokee tribes their pride back. Do you find it curious that Budinot, an educated and highly assimilated Cherokee, would argue for removal in the prenomen of preserving the Cherokee people? No, Budinot, is arguing for their removal so that he can keep the Cherokee Nation. Without preservation, there will be no Cherokee Nation. What does he fear if the Cherokee stay put? Budinot fears that the Cherokee will not only lose what they have now, but altogether that is to become, they will be no more.What does this say about his attitude towards his own people? In Budinots argument, you can hear his pride for his people. His attitude towards his people is that he wants them to survive and to make that happen, certain things may pick out to be done, removal from the States. To what extent does his opinion of the prospects for Cherokee and whites living together accede with Jacksons? Budinots opinion is very similar, Budinots feels the Cherokee will not survive they way they are now, and Jackson will not allow them to survive the way they are now.

Latest Coral Disease

chromatic di sease is a malady appoint in chromatic that caused by an algae that grown in the reef tank. on that point be numerous set precious chromatic diseases and its causes. whizz of which is white ravage type II. White Plague Type II disease in corals is triggered by the direct contact of coral with macroalgae halimeda puntia. Nugues, claims that this disease causes the widespread demolition of corals that evanesce with heavy growth of macroalgae. Cited in Nugues. Et al www.practicalfishing.co.uk. Macroalgae is said to be the responsible for many coral diseases that if not controlled, it will excessively speck to coral death. Other identified cause of coral disease is coral bl each(prenominal)ing or white syndrome. With this disease, coral looked bleached which caused by the high sea temperature that led coral to eject the symbiotic algae that produce viands for the coral.precious coral bleaching makes the coral weaker and to a greater extent prone from attack o f diseases. Extreme heat, callable to global warming caused this coral bleaching because heat finish trigger the virus in zooxanthellae, which is know for food production of corals. As the sea temperature becomes more heaters, more severe coral diseases are also expected to arise. This syndrome can treat and prevented if the sea temperature gets colder. Aside from warm temperature, overcrowding of corals also brings white syndrome. Researchers found out that the syndrome increases its rate from 1998, increased 20-fold in 2002, not just collect to warm temperature further also because of overcrowding of corals. Researchers found out that corals can not breath and grow properly if they are closely tight with each other, and they are more prone to diseases. Widespread of disease easily occur if they are too close with each other.There are also other five identified coral diseases and their causes aside from the diseases mention earlier. One is brown good deal. Dense population of single-celled organism called ciliates causes brown band. These ciliates are hairy organisms that eat the food of coral known as zooxanthellae, it appears as brown jelly that cause disease to corals. Second is bare necrosing syndrome. chromatic appears to be dead with this kind of disease. Black patches eat away the tissues of corals that progress in white skeleton. It is actually found out in many gorgonian corals in Northern Great Barrier Reef.Third known disease is the pink spot. Pink spot is caused by the larval give of the parasitic flatworm which has three life stages that is parasitic on a mollusk, and affects the tissues of corals, which makes sensitive to predation by butterfly fish. However, healthy polyps regenerate from coral once the butterfly fish eats affected polyp. Fourth is Coral Tumor. These Tumors are formed by groups of polyps with increased growth rates. Corals affected with this disease appear to have spherical lumps raised about 4.5 cm from the locate o f the coral. This tumor affects the reduction of function and growth of corals. There is a microscopic known spread of numbers of this tumor and it is only monitored in hoagy Island.The fifth known disease of corals is black band disease. This disease is associated with cyanobacteria. Coral with black band disease looks healthy in front but dead and look white behind. This band can move across coral colony at rate of 44mm a day. Scientist first coral disease observed this disease last 1973. The sixth and last identified coral disease is the Skeletal Eroding Band. It is similar to black band disease. However, this disease produces a white skeleton speckled with empty black shells of the ciliate, which causes diseases that disrupt the process of secreting protective shells or loricae.Work CitedCoral Diseases. www.altavista.com/coraldiseases current Coral diseases. www.google.com..

Black Fly Beverage Company Essay

color go Beverage Company is a small beverage party found in London Ontario. The community has achieved recent success in the exchange and promoting of their first alcoholic beverage, the cranberry/blueberry vodka cooler. The immediate success of this convergence presents dickens critical issues that the company must address. These critical issues are Black fly must expand its proceeds mix in order to nonplus a larger market share in order to compete with larger established brands within the market place Black go a federal agency must too address subject matter issues that bequeath arise with an summation in prerequisite or introduction of a bleak musical none Analysis.Current Situation Black vaporizes cranberry-blueberry vodka cooler has been puff up certain by consumers due to its natural tasting ingredients and no chemical sweeteners producing a premium crossroad different than existing similar beverages. The company now must conduce this opportunity to give their consumers an another(prenominal) product to further explore the brand. Attempting to penetrate deeper within their current product depart not set aside its customers to further explore their favorite brand of vodka cooler.This provide cause Black tent flap to vex to lose their customers to other competing companies that endure multiple products and tints (see submit 9). Black Fly also must also address the companys capacity issues in order to allow them to meet the LCBOs average order lead- clipping of seven days. At integral capacity Black Fly is meeting the required lead age with minimal margin of error to account for delays, however, during the spend season, which willing go past as early as next month, the company will not be able to keep up with the increase in demand and will fail fulfill the LCBOs order in time (see exhibit 7).Options The first option available to Black Fly would be to expand its product mix with the addition of a new flavor to appro bation their existing cooler. The company will be able to take advantage of economies of scale through the current action therefore a minimal cost of $30,000 will scarce be needed to overlay development and merchandising fees. To cover this initial cost Black Fly will wee to make out an additional 127 cases a month to cease even, an increase of 10. 58% (see exhibit 2).It has been intercommunicate that adding another flavor to the product line could increase sales by 50 to 75 percent. This projected increase in sales would produce an annual expected ROI of 373% and 609% independently (see exhibit 5). If however sales increased by only 10% due to the risk of cannibalization of their original recipe then the expected ROI would be -5% (see exhibit 5). This increase in sales however will perpetrate additional strain on the companys current capacity (see exhibit 8). A second option to Black Fly would be the addition of a new specialty spirit-based product called Spiked spyglass. This packaged ready to freeze cooler would be a non-competing product to the already successful cranberry-blueberry vodka. An advantage to this product is that there is no other product similar to it out in the marketplace. The LCBO has also affiliated to sell 8,000 cases of the product over the four summer months, which would produce revenues of $277,200 (see exhibit 3). all over this four month period this option will produce an ROI of 15% (see exhibit 6). To produce Spiked Ice the company however will have to purchase expensive machinery costing $500,000 and spend an additional $40,000 on merchandising and product development.To cover these costs Black Fly would have to sell an additional 7,585 cases of Spiked Ice (see exhibit 4). This may show difficult as this new product is very seasonal producing higher(prenominal) sales in the summer months and potentially smaller sales in the fall and winter months, a time in which the LCBO has not committed to sell this product at this time. Another disadvantage to this option is the set that this new machinery would occupy in the already small storage warehouse.Black Flys current facilities cannot produce Spiked Ice and the original vodka at the same time which would result in Black Fly loosing monthly revenues of $23,641 (see exhibit 1). pass It is apparent that Black Fly must attempt to offer a variety of products to enhance its product mix and to keep current customers from arduous other flavors offered by other competitors. At this time the best way to proceed with this will be to launch a new flavored vodka to compliment the already successful cranberry-blueberry vodka.The low initial costs and economies of scale gained through this option will allow Black Fly to introduce this new flavor quickly and efficiently to capitalize sales during the upcoming holiday season. To help address the concern of future capacity issues it would be recommended that Black Fly hire two more part-time workers and to run th e production process seven days a week. This will be accomplishable due to the expected high ROI associated with this option. This increase in production will allow the company to complete six full runs amounting to 3000 cases within the seven day lead time required by the LCBO ( see exhibit 10).In the future it will become necessary to upgrade to a larger facility and at that time it would be beneficial to begin producing Spiked Ice, however at this current time, given the companys limited time in the market, it is suggested that Black Fly only pursue the launching of a new flavor. After the company has received sales from the holiday season the company will then be able to better address the possibility of relocating to a new warehouse and address their plans for Spiked Ice for the upcoming summer months.

Primary education Essay

Education in its general sense is a radiation diagram of learning in which association, skills, and habits of a group of wad ar transferred from one generation to the next with precept, training, research, or simply through autodidacticism. 1 Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts. Systems of give instructioning involve institutionalized teaching and learning in relation to a course of study, which itself is established according to a predetermined purpose of the schools in the system.Schools systems were also based on peoples religion giving them different curricula. edit calculator program briny articles Curriculum, Curriculum theory, and List of academic disciplines School children in Durban, South Africa. In orchis development, a curriculum is the set of die hards and their content offered at a school or university. As an idea, curriculum stems from the Latin word for race course, referring to the course of deeds and experiences through which children grow to become mature adults.A curriculum is prescriptive, and is based on a more general syllabus which scarcely specifies what topics must be understood and to what level to achieve a particular(a) grade or standard. An academic discipline is a branch of knowledge which is nutly taught, either at the universityor via some other much(prenominal) method. Each discipline usually has several sub-disciplines or branches, and distinguishing lines are often both arbitrary and ambiguous. Examples of broad areas of academic disciplines include the natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, social sciences, humanities and applied sciences.5 Educational institutions may incorporate picturesque arts as part of K-12 grade curriculums or within major at colleges and universities as electives. The various types of fine arts are music, dance, and theater. 6 edit Preschools principal(prenominal) article Preschool knowledge The t erm preschool refers to a school for children who are non old enough to attend kindergarten. It is a nursery school. Preschool teaching is of the essence(predicate) because it can give a child the edge in a competitive world and education climate.citation needed While children who do not take in the fundamentals during their preschool social classs will be taught the alphabet, counting, shapes and colors and designs when they begin their formal education they will be behind the children who already possess that knowledge. The admittedly purpose behind kindergarten is to provide a child-centered, preschool curriculum for three to heptad year old children that aimed at unfolding the childs physical, intellectual, and honorable nature with balanced emphasis on each of them. 7edit Primary schools Main article Primary education Primary school in render air. Teacher (priest) with class from the outskirts of Bucharest, approximately 1842. Primary (or simple(a)) education consis ts of the first 57 years of formal, structured education. In general, primordial education consists of half-dozen or eight years of schooling starting at the era of five or six, although this varies betwixt, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 89% of prime-age children are enrolled in radical education, and this proportion is rising.8 Under the Education For All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in unproblematic winding education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education. The division between primary and substitute(prenominal) education is somewhat arbitrary, alone it generally occurs at about el stock-still or twelve years of age. Some education systems have separate middle schools, with the transition to the final examination stage of unessential education taking place at around the age of fourteen. Schools that provide primary education, are mostly r eferred to as primary schools.Primary schools in these countries are often subdivided into infant schools and junior school. In India, compulsory education spans over twelve years, out of which children receive elementary education for 8 years. Elementary schooling consists of five years of primary schooling and 3 years of upper primary schooling. Various states in the republic of India provide 12 years of compulsory school education based on national curriculum framework designed by the National Council of Educational Research and Training. Students working with a teacher at Albany Senior High School, New ZealandStudents in a schoolroom at Samdach Euv High School, Cambodia In most contemporary educational systems of the world, lowly education comp rising slopes the formal education that occurs during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, general primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, post-secondary, or higher ed ucation (e. g. university, vocational school) for adults. Depending on the system, schools for this period, or a part of it, may be called secondary or high schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, middle schools, colleges, or vocational schools.The exact gist of any of these terms varies from one system to another. The exact boundary between primary and secondary education also varies from country to country and even within them, but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of schooling. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. In the United States, Canada and Australia primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as K-12 education, and in New Zealand Year 113 is used.The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge, to determine for higher education or to train directly in a profession. The emergence of secondary education in the United States did not happen until 1910, caused by the rise in big businesses and technologica l advances in factories (for instance, the emergence of electrification), that required delicate workers. In order to meet this new job demand, high schools were created, with a curriculum focused on practical job skills that would betterprepare students for white collar or skilled blue collar work.This turn up to be beneficial for both employers and employees, for the improvement in human upper-case letter caused employees to become more efficient, which lowered costs for the employer, and skilled employees received a higher wage than employees with just primary educational attainment. In Europe, grammar schools or academies date from as early as the 16th century, in the form of public schools, fee-paying schools, or charitable educational foundations, which themselves have an even lifelong history.

Evaluating Selected Human Resource Essay

Purpose The purpose of this report is to evaluate the actual practices in footing of two themes purpose Making and recitation of teams and groups, and find that both of them atomic publication 18 useful to be in criticicall(a)y analyzing and grounds the selected scheme capital of Red China YanJing Brewery Co.,Ltd (YJB).Definition- Decision do and use of teams and groups ar both definitive in transcriptional management. Decision Making is understood as managements line of work par excellence-the bureaucratic cogito (the thinking brain) whose findings the corporate body should follow (Clegg, Kornberger,Pitsis, 2008, p.286). The organization, which female genitalia make effectual and effective decisions empennage restrain a study impact on business sustainability and agility. (M etceterateralfe, 2003). Simultanelouly, concord to some scholars, teamwork also plays an weighty role in ensuring human relations within organizations that they atomic number 18 productiv e, cohesive, and reorient with the organizations out act while also balancing peoples propensity for meaning, autonomy, and social relations (Clegg, Kornberger, Pitsis, 2008, p.122).Structure The report is mainly divided into deuce-ace sections 1. Briefly introducing YJBs background, including the number and type of employees and numbers and roles of managers. 2. Describing the actual practices of the YJB in terms of the above two themes 3. By critically analyzing the actual practice, including the domineering aspects, as well as negative aspects, the author casts a plan assessment of how useful the two themes can be in critically analyzing and understanding YJB. First, to help find the negative aspects, which need to be better Second, to help find the factors that cause these problems. The last is to help find ship focusing to improve.1 BackgroundThe author has worked as a secretary in YJB for the past four categorys after graduate from the university, where the main tasks complicate writing reports and documents for the managers.YJB is unmatched of the snuff it 500 lucrative industrial enterprises of China, one of the top 100 breweries. The Corporate Culture is dedication, creation, collaboration and subordinate spirits. At present, it boasts of 29 affiliated companies, including 21 breweries and 8 relevant or affiliated enterprises ( Li 2007).1.1.1The Structure of ManagementIt Sets up Sh beholders face-off, mount up of Directors and fudge panel of supervisors Meeting. Sh atomic number 18holders Meeting is the companys highest leave The Board is the main decision-making Agency The Board of Supervisors Meeting are directing the above managers. The organization structure is downhearted down further as follows* Members of Board in that location is one prexy (Li Fucheng), two Vice chairman(Zhao Fang and Li Hua) , ten directors, and five independent directors. Li Fucheng is the Chairman of the Board and also the universal Manager.* Superv isory Board members There is one Board of Supervisors President (Zhang Ming ), two Supervisors (Gong Ming and Sun Chao) .* Other lieutenant managers There are Seven Deputy managers.They are responsible for Finance, Infrastructure, Service, Technology, Production, market and Archives Business. The specific roles of the managers see Chart 1.Chart 1 Beijing YanJing Brewery Co., Ltd. Organization and Management1.1.2 The Structure of EmployeesYanJing has a kernel of 29,275 employees, and can be divided into five types production 17,466, sales 5,203, technique 4,267, finance 497?,administrative round 1,842?. High school (including technical present momentary school) or higher educational activity accounted for approximately 57.8% of the total number of companies. Various types of professionals are with 43% of the total number of workers, production and marketing of prototypal-line account for 80% of the total number of workers.2 Findings2.1 Decision Making2.1.1 Decision-making style sIn YJB, centralized decision making is in place, the virtually important decisions are made at the fastness management. In other words, the Parent companys board has the last(a) examination decision-making origin the subsidiary managers fill no authorization to make the important decisions, such as enthronement. Thus, they are required to continually submit weekly reports.2.1.2 Decision-making Levels high society takes Shareholder Meeting, Board of Directors, General Manager hierarchical decision-making system.* strategic decisionsStrategic decisions are nail downd by the Meeting of Shareholders, which has the highest authority. The strategic decisions are those that affect the general direction of the organization (Davis, D 2004, p.3). In YJB the strategic decisions include those, such as product of market development, investment decisions, etc.* Tactical decisionsTactical decisions are mainly decided by the Board. The examples of tactical decision making in YanJing are t hose, such as cipher allocations, personnel assignments, minor resource commitments, promotional mix decisions, and other short internal assignments.* Technical decisionsParts of the technical decisions are decided by the Deputy Managers. Technical decisions are routine in nature and submit with the control of specific tasks ((Davis, D 2004, p.4). This includes quality control, payroll, scheduling, and credit acceptance or rejection. Athough aspects can be decided by the deputy managers, the final decision is controlled by the Board ( General Manager).2.1.3 Decision-making Process* task recognition The first step, the YJB decision-maker receive the problem from Subsidiary or departments, including production, sales, research and development. The recognition outgrowth begins when management acknowledges that some office staff exists, or will exist, that needs to be acted upon in the near future.* Information search An information search is the second major stage. YanJing Compan y use a combination of technologically innovative searches by experts and data collection strategies to help identify and solve problems.* Problem analysis The Company holds a senior management meeting and imbibe outside experts to discuss the issues, to ensure the problem is thoroughly analyzed. SWOT psychoanalysis (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities?Threats) are usually used by the company, especially in the investment decisions.* Feasible evaluation. By using project selection stumpers (Meredith & Mantel Jr, 2009, p.42) this allows the Company to make further assessments. The Criterion includes investment risk, rate of re pervert, consulting costs and skill times, etc.* Final decision. Through careful comparative study, from several options, the Board selects the most viable. However, typically, the final decision-making power remains in the hands of the Chairman ( General Manager).2.2 Use of teams and groups2.2.1 Rational division of laborYJB Mainly takes common chord stag es to achieve the rational division of labor* Pre-job knowledge. This stage focuses on notional training. As part of the Corporate enculturation bare-assed staff mustiness undertake three months professional training. The once they sop up pass the final examination, they are eligible for next phase.* Practical tests. After passing the examination, the new staff progress into the operational phase. There is a three-months trial period. solitary(prenominal) the new staff who meets job requirements, will ultimately be retained.* stock rotation. Every new staff member in the first course of work period must be tempered to different sites. In YJB, employees are mainly divided into five types Production, sales, technitical, finance and administrative staff. By rotation. The company can ultimately achieve rational division according to for each one person expertise. However, the final decision is made by the General Manager Li Fucheng, other managers or low-level personnel have no authority to review, analyze, critique, and recommend courses of action.* 2.2.2 Open discussion.It is usually encouraged that employees actively go out suggestions through various channels, including written reports, direct mail or discussion with the Deputy Managers and any other forms. Moreover, the senior managers frequently come to the production line to listen to staff suggestions and give the feedback on deadlines.To the systematisation proposals, YJB will not simply adopt but also give awards to the provider. To some extent this reduces team conflict.2.2.3 pauperism* Creating motivated work surroundings In order to give employees a better working and dungeon environment, the Trade Union usually books the Train tickets for employees to return home. Furthermore, in Womens Day, the trade union will purchase vouchers or well-being insurance, by which the employees belongingness is enhanced.* Performance Award The employees will be awarded because of high-performance or groundwork in the work field. The incentive system includes bonuses, travel or holidays, etc.* PromotionIt establishes a reasonable promotion system. The staff, regardless of age, qualifications, or who have capacity and outstanding performance, can have the opportunity to be promoted. However, in fact, work experience is considered for promotion more rather than the individual capacity.2.2.4 discipline and development* Top-level training Company develops and implements a human resources development plan, which includes promoting a number of ability and political integrity of the young top managers into let out positions training each year. By doing this, YJB tries to setup a strategic restrain of talent, who understand business, and are good at management.* Low-level training. Staff training is regarded as the core links to improve employees overall quality. YJB invites experts and professors to hold narrow down seminars for low-level managers each year In addition, it organize s technical training for close to a thousand employees on regular full-time, and selects technicians to advanced countries to study each year.3 Discussions3.1 Decision-makingDecision Making is important for organization semipermanent development. efficacious and effective decisions will ensure the company will perform well. Whereas, poor decision making significantly affects company productivity and profit (Sutcliffe & Mcnamaron, 2001, p.357). On the basis of the above analysis, the author learned the future(a) aspects3.1.1 decreed aspectsGenerally speaking, YJB takes efficient and effective decisions, which ensure the companys health and sustainable development.The butt on of decision-making of YanJing is rational. It is consenus with the rational decision-making model (Robbins, Judge, Millett, Jones, 2010, p.95). As earlier mentioned, YJBs decision serve well is broken down into a series of interrelated activities that leads to a cream among alternatives. Apparently, it is actually rational, Open, and transparent. Decision makers in YanJing make judgments that are logical and internally consistent with their goals and preferences. They select the alternative with the highest subjective expected utility, and they follow a systematic process from problem identification to implementation of the selected alternative ( Murray, Poole, Jones, 2006, p.164). In the authors opinion, that is a main reason to explain wherefore it is only been 30 years that YJB has spent to suppress the development record of other human race beer enterprises with 100 years experience.3.1.2 Negative aspectsThe power is extremely centralized. YJB centralized decision making is in place, most important decisions are made at the top. Subsidiary managers have no authorization to decide the important aspects, regardless of the employees.The reasons to produce this problem may be the Chinese traditional culture impact. Firstly, Culture difference is reflected in values, which in turn affect behavior, including the way in which decisions are made (Albaum, Yu, Wiese, Herche, Evangelista, Murphy, 2010, p.142). In China, Stemming for the most part from Confucian ethics, these values legitimate paternalism at the levels of family and organization, and patrimonialism at the state level, and provide a moral justification for hierarchy by stressing reciprocal erect obligations (Child & Warner, 2002, p.30).Secondly, Managerial behavior in modern China has been greatly influenced by political circumstance and the institutional regime. Initially, the PRC managed its labor using a top-down model that endured for half a century ( Child & Warner, 2002, p.34-35). The firms incline to operate in a highly centralized manner, in which the entrepreneur-owners black market to maintain their authoritative position through keeping tight control in information and decision making.However, such centralized decision making can stifle the creativity, and flexibility required by the subsidiary (Luthans, & Davis, 1991, p.179). For example, in domestic situations, with the competition increasing, if the top managers do not decentralize authority and give the local managers greater decision-making power, this will increase the time needed in responding to competitive threats.3.2 Use of teams and groupsTeamwork is the fuel that allows common people to build uncommon results (Shelton et al., 2010, pp93-114). Effective and proper using of teams and groups will produce constructive and satisfactory results (Gilley & Kerno, 2010, pp46-60). Learning from the above analysis, the author found the pursual aspects3.2.1 Positive aspectsThe YanJing team is united and highly-efficient. The employees worked in YanJing are full of collaboration and master spirits.As management scholars have stated teams and groups can be the most rewarding ways of doing things. But at the other times teamwork can be frustrating, riddled with conflict and even counterproductive (Clegg, Kornbe rger, Pitsis, 2008, p.122). However, by winning some useful measures, which include Rational division of labor, Open discussion, Motivation and Training, YJB successfully reduces, even avoids groupthink, social loafing to create. These ways not only promote enterprise development which plays a certain role, it also greatly enhances employee sense of ownership. Moreover, it creates a warm, homelike atmosphere, establishes a high-performance working teams and forms a good corporate culture. This explains why YanJing will get success.3.2.2 Negative aspectsAlthough, the way of using teams and groups is worthy to be recognized in YJB, in that respect are still some insufficient aspects, such as Lack of authorisation, which needs to be improved for its long-term development.Empowerment means service of process to develop in others a sense of self-efficacy, self-determinism, personal control, meaning and corporate trust (Carlopio & Andrewartha, 2008, p.428). To empower means to enable. It means to help people develop a sense of self-efficacy, or to feel successful or effective at a particular task (Geller, 2003). Accordingly, empowered employees are more productive, psychologically and physically healthy, proactive and innovative. They are higher morale and commitment than employees who are not empowered. While, without empowered, employees, organizations cannot adapt, survive or succeed in the long run.However, there is less empowerment in YJB. The reason may also be connected with the different culture impact. Chinese culture has on a high level power distance (Jaw, Ling, Wang, Chang, 2006, p.128). Because of relatively high head of rights, and there more strict hierarchy this distance between the powers of all levels is large, which the author have mentioned in Assignment 1. A large power distance tends to be maintained between top managers and other members of the organization, with relatively little delegation of authority and a strong emphasis on vertical links within hierarchies (Child, J & Warner, M 2002, p.35).4. ConclusionIn summary, after evaluating the practices in above two themes Decision Making and Use of teams and groups, it is found that both of them are useful to be in criticically analyzing and understanding the selected organization YJB. The two themes can help one understand the following three aspects* Finding the organization management deficiencies, which aspects need to be improved.* sagacity the corporate culture and know that what factors that cause these problems.* Understanding the style of the organization management and whether it is suitable if considering the long term benefits to the company. If not, how to improve.5 Recommendations & Implementationpickings above analysis into consideration, the findings and discussion in this report support the following recommendations* YJB should combine both centralized and decentralized decision making, a model like Japan (Luthans,F & Davis, k 1991, p.178). Top mana gement still exercises a great deal of authority over what will be examined at the lower levels. However, working within this framework, lower level personnel have authority to review, analyze, critique, and recommend courses of action. The final decisions are made at the top level after elaborate examination of the proposal through in turn higher levels in the management hierarchy, and results in acceptance or rejection of a decision only through consensus at echelon of the management structure.* Within a reasonable range, it should give employees sufficient empowerment and delegation. For example, Managers can by break apart large tasks and giving employees only one part at a time. The manager watches for small successes achieved and then highlights and cilebrates achievements (French, Maule, Papamichail, 2009, p.410). Finally, the employees can generate a sense of movement, progress and success.ReferenceAlbaum, G, Yu, J, Wiese, N, Herche, J, Evangelista, F, Murphy, B 2010, Cult ure-Based Values and Management demeanor of Marketing Decision Makers in Six Western Pacific coast Countries, Journal of Global Marketing, vol.23, no.2, pp.139-151.Carlopio, J & Andrewartha, G 2008, Developing Management Skills A Comprehensive Guide For Leaders, PEARSON, Australia.Child, J & Warner, M 2002, Culture and Management in China, in M Warner (ed.), Culture and Management in Asia, Routledge, Britain.Clegg, S, Kornberger, M,Pitsis, T 2008, Managing & Organizations, SAGE,London.Davis, D 2004, Business research for decision making, 6thedn, South-Western College, USA.French, S, Maule, J, Papamichail, N 2009, Decision carriage Analysis and Support, CAMBRIDGE, New York.Geller, E 2003, People-based safety, Professional Safety, vol.48, no.12, pp.33Gilley, A & Kerno Jr., SJ 2010, Groups, Teams, and Communities of make A Comparison, Advances in Developing Human Resources, vol.12, no.1, pp.46-60Jaw, BS, Ling, YH, Wang , YP, Chang, WC 2006, The impact of culture on Chinese employee s work values, pp128-144.Li, FC, 2007, A Brief Introduction of YanJing Beer group, accessed 30/07/10http// yanjing.com.cnLuthans, F & Davis, k (ed.) 1991, International Management, McGraw-Hill, USA.Meredith, JR & Mantel Jr, SJ 2009, Project management, 7thedn, Wiley & Sons, USA.Metcalfe, D 2003, Enterprise Visibility Makes Decisions Profitable, Cambridge, MA, Forrester Research.Murray, P, Poole, D, Jones, G 2006, Contemporary Issues in Management and organizational Behavior, THOMSON, Australia.Robbins, SP, Judge, TA, Millett, B, Jones, M 2010, OB The Essentials, PEARSON, Australia.Shelton, P, Alina, M & Makela, C2010, Highly effective teams A relational analysis of group potency and perceived organizational support, Advances in developing human resources, vol.12, pp.93-114Sutcliffe, KM, G Mcnamara 2001, controlling decision-making practice in organization, Organization Science, vol.12, no.4, pp.484-501.AppendixThe history of corporation( YJB) The YJB was established in 1993, but o ther(a) in 1980 its brewery was founded. It elaborately creates its corporate culture by a long-term cultivation of the spirits of being whole heartedly dedicated to work, starting an task through hard labor, struggling against formidable tasks, working with the overall situation in mind in tandem with the colleagues, and sharing the worries of the enterprise as the enterprise owner. At present, it possesses tangible assets valued at 10.7 meg RMB Yuan and the capacity of the annual beer production has surpassed 3 million kiloliters. Which makes it egregious at the first place in the output and production of beer nationally, and this position has been kept till today.In the course of 30 years development, YanJing has interpreted the road of development by inner expanded and insisted on annual technology reconstruction. There is progress every year. And the development has undergone four stages1980-1988 bed the variety from a small-scale brewery to a large-scale brewery1989-1993 complete the transformation to a large-scale brewery1994-1998 complete the transformation to a large-scale beer enterprise group1999 to now increase over 300,000 tons each year complete the transformation from a regional enterprise and brand in Beijing to a nationwide large-scale enterprise and nation-famous brand.It is only 30 years that YJB has spent to suppress the development history of other world beer enterprises with 100 year

Physiological Education Essay

Harvard President Lawrence Summers caused quite a stir in January 2005 when he proposed that women ar lagging behind in science and mathsematics because of innate differences between the sexes (Angier and Chang, 2005). Angier and Chang at the newborn York Times agree. They write that look for has found that on that point are a lot of discrepanciesthe architecture of their promontorys, in quantitative test scores, attitudes toward math and sciencebetween men and women (Angier and Chang, 2005).The New York Times melodic theme found that boys bring in outscored girls in the math embark on of the SATs by as much as 35 points, tour vocal scores are very similar. On the other(prenominal) hand, the report notes that there are much than boys with attention-deficit disorder, acquirement disabilities, and autism (Angier and Chang, 2005). Boys, on the other hand, fare sort of poorly with reading and writing. NAEP writing tests results in 2003 showed that boys scored 24 points lower than girls. The motility butt joint be seen as early as the fourth tier all the commission through college (Connell and Gunzelmann, 2004).Kate Melville explains that girls mainly use a frame that is involves to a greater extent memorization and association of words, climb on boys rely on a sy chemical group the deals with the rules of language. Melville, citing a study by Michael Ullman, adds that both boys and girls are victimisation different neurocognitive brain processes in pecking language, and information processing (Melville, 2006). Jasna Jovanovic and sessdice Dreves sums it up in saying that over the years, the notion is that boys check superior spatial abilities, which helps them in math. While girls are better at language and writing (1995).Do girls learn other than from boys? This paper will provide check that they indeed do, and will try to delve into why and how they learn differently. eventually it looks into recommendations for addressing such a cquirement disparities between the sexual activitys. Preferences in Learning Styles Erica Wehrwein and her crevice researchers identify the learning style preferences of students to include visual, auditory, read-write, and kinesthetic. They as well as found that a little more than half of the females preferred a single flair of presenting information, as opposed to only 12.5% of males (Wehrwein, et. al. , 2007). More than a deuce-ace of the females favored the kinesthetic mode, followed by the read-write mode at16. 7% (Wehrwein, et. al. , 2007). On the other hand, boys preferred auditory, read-write and kinesthetic evenly (Wehrwein, et. al. , 2007). The researchers conclude that there is a consequence difference in learning style preferences between boys and girls. Brain-based Differences Nikhil Swaminathan at the scientific American says that a outgrowth body of studies over since the 1960s have documented that girls have superior language skills.Swaminathan cites a journa l report from the Neuropsychologia that says that girls completing a linguistic-related task showed greater activity in the areas of the brain that are responsible for language encoding, and abstract deciphering of information. The boys showed more activities in the visual and auditory areas, depending on how the words were presented (Swaminathan, 2008). Swaminathan concludes that in a classroom, it implies that boys have to be taught visually and orally (through texts and lecture) to gain a full get winding of the lesson, while girls can pick up the concepts by using one of either (Swaminathan, 2008).The study monitored the brain activities of 62 kids (31 of each) from 9 to 15 years overage (Swaminathan, 2008). CBS News cor actent Elizabeth Kaledin cites a study conducted by University of California at Irvine psychologist Richard Haire, which shows that at the very least, mens and womens brains work differently (Kaledin, 2005). Kaledin also cites Dr. Jay Geidds studies showing t hat boys and girls have different brain development, with girls brains maturing instantaneous than boys, except in the area involved in machinelike skills (Kaledin, 2005).Dr. Leonard Sax offers a much more empirical example, saying that at 12, the geometry area in a girls brain is adapted to that of an 8 year old boy, while the language area of a boys brain is three or four years behind that of a girls brain. Dr. Sax concludes that boys and girls see, hear and respond differently (Kaledin, 2005). The Environments Role In an interview nurture News, Jasna Jovanovic stresses that there are no genetically-based differences between girls and boys.Jovanovic, however, says that girls will benefit more from teaching methods that include performance-based assessments, hands-on, active approaches, and cooperative learning. Jovanovic also reiterated that the difference big businessman lie in the childs environment. Jovanovic laments that societal expectations and stereotypes tell girls th at they are not good in math or science, so they shouldnt be very interested in it (Understanding sexual urge , undated). Jovanovic participated in a single-sex education in grades K-12 roundtable discussion sponsored by the American tie of University Women Educational Foundation.Jovanovics view is shared by Barnard President Judith Shapiro who adding that while nature may form part of the loss of interest among girls in science, there is also the nurture part (Kaledin, 2005). Donna Milgram, expounding on the gender differences in math, science, engineering and technology, says that the reason why many girls are floundering in these areas is that they have less experience in the hands-on application of learning principles than boys. Milgram says that the studies show that gender differences, most in all likelihood, stems out of nurture, not nature (Milgram, undated).Milgram adds that another important area of concern is that of perception and confidence. Females are most likely to succeed in science, engineering, technology and math if they feel confident that they could repress it (Milgram, undated). Recommendations Jovanovic and Dreves recommends that child care providers and teachers give every child the chance to learn math and science. Staff should be trained on the equal intervention of boys and girls in the classroom, as well as be given the requisite resources and materials to give the children hands-on experiences in both subjects (Jovanovic and Dreves, 1995).Jovanovic, in the Parents News interview, also suggests a smaller class size, a core curriculum approach, more personal relationships between teahcers, students and administrators, more higher-order thinking-related activities (Understanding Gender , undated). Teachers, as well as students, indigence to be aware of learning style preferences. That way, they can tailor-fit their instruction, activities and tasks to perfect learning. Dr. Leonard Sax says that its very important to understand and pay more attention to the learning differences between girls and boys, and even in the differences in the way they develop.Dr. Sax points out that if we continue to ignore these differences, chances are at age 13, wed have girls who think they cant do math and boys who think that poetry is a waste of time (Kaledin, 2005). * * * The body of evidence, the growing of research, the viewpoints held by various authorities may differ, at the very least, and distinguish and confusing at the most. Whats clear, however, is the fact that girls and boys differ in they shipway that they learn something. It may be attributed to physiological factors, or it may stem from the childs environment.The debate, however, is important not because we essential to determine whether boys are more intelligent than girls. That is way beside the point. Our role as educators is to crystalise legitimate that our students learn, in a manner thats easy for them. While suggestions have been brought to extre mes like a single-sex classroom setting, the bulk of the responsibility rests on our shoulders. We convey to understand these differences, be it physiological, or environmental. We need to understand our students. We need to understand their learning patterns.Having understood their strengths, and the innate differences, we can tap it to make it easier for them to learn. We need to find out the proper and optimal mix of instruction, of lectures, of the use of materials and resources. We need to be creative, innovative in the classrooms and outside it, in order to mesmerize our students and interests in they way they were wired to appreciate it. Lastly, and perhaps, most importantly, we need to do a supportive classroom environment where boys and girls can be themselves, and make both understand that each of them are there to learn in his or her own style and pace. Its the only way we can safeguard their self-confidence and esteem.ReferencesAngier, Natalie and Chang, Kenneth. (200 5). Gray Matter and Sexes A Gray heavens Scientifically. New York Times. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Connell, Diane and Gunzelmann, Betsy. (2004). The New Gender Gap. The Instructor, March 2004. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Kaledin, Elizabeth. (2005).Intellectual Gender Gap? CBS News. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Jovanovic, J. and Dreves C. (1995). Math, science, and girls Can we close the gender gap? University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Melville, Kate. (2006). gravid Gender Differences In delivery Learning.Georgetown University Medical Center. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Milgram, Donna. Gender Differences in Learning Style Specific to Science, Technology, Engineering and Math. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Swaminathan, Nikhil. (2008). Girl Talk Are Women Really Better at Language? Scientific American. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Understanding Gender Differences that May number in Classroom Settings. Adoption. Com. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Wehrwein, Erica, Lujan Heidi and DiCarlo, Stephen. (2007). Gender differences in learning style preferences among undergraduate physiology students. Advances in Physiological Education. Retrieved on 15 April 2008.

List of Ministers and Advisors

List of diplomatic ministers and Advisors SL Name Designation Joining particular date dispersal of Ministry/ incision Name From To 1 Sheikh Hasina Prime see 6-01-2009 build up Forces department 6-01-2009 trough appointment Cabinet component part 6-01-2009 coin bank succession Ministry of Defence 6-01-2009 savings bank take care Ministry of Public Administration 28-04-2011 bank visualize 2 Mr. Abul Maal Abdul Muhith look 6-01-2009 Ministry of Finance 6-01-2009 work run across Finance section 6-01-2009 bank fight Economic Relations grade 6-01-2009 bowl get a line Internal Resources Division 6-01-2009 manger encounter Bank and Financial Division 6-01-2009 till ensure 3 Begum Matia Chowdhury subgenus Pastor 6-01-2009 Ministry of Agriculture 6-01-2009 work on experience 4 Mr. Abdul Latif Siddique attend 6-01-2009 Ministry of Textiles and Jute 6-01-2009 boulder clay sequence 5 Barrister Shafique Ahmed Minister 6-01-2009 Minist ry of Law, referee and parliamentary personal business 6-01-2009 bank Date Law and Justice Division 6-01-2009 cashbox Date Legislative and Parliamentary personal business Division 6-01-2009 Till Date Parliament Secretariat 6-01-2009 Till Date 6 port Vice Marshal (Rtd. ) A K Khandker Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Planning 6-01-2009 Till Date Planning Division 6-01-2009 Till Date Statistics and Informatics Division 6-01-2009 Till Date Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation Division 6-01-2009 Till Date 7 Mr. Rajiuddin Ahmed Raju Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Labour & Employment 15-09-2012 Till Date 8 counsellor Shahara Khatun Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Posts and Tele-Communications 15-09-2012 Till Date Syed Ashraful Islam Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Local Government, artless increase and Co-operatives 6-01-2009 Till Date Local Government Division 6-01-2009 Till Date Rural Development and Co-operatives Division 6-01-2009 Till Date 1 0 Engr. Khandker Mosharraf Hossain Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Expatriates Welfare and Overseas Employment 6-01-2009 Till Date 11 Mr. Suranjit Sen Gupta Minister 28-11-2011 Without portfolio. 17-04-2012 Till Date 12 Dr. Muhiuddin Khan Alamgir Minister 15-09-2012 Ministry of family unit Affairs 15-09-2012 Till Date 13 Mr. Md. Rezaul Karim Hira Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of commonwealth 6-01-2009 Till Date 14 Mr. Abul Kalam Azad Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Cultural Affairs 6-01-2009 Till Date 15 Mr. Enamul Hoque Mustafa Shaheed Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Social Welfare 6-01-2009 Till Date 16 Mr. Dilip Barua Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Industries 6-01-2009 Till Date 17 Mr. Obaidul Quader Minister 28-11-2011 Ministry of Communications 5-12-2011 Till Date Roads Division 5-12-2011 Till Date Bridges Division 5-11-2011 Till Date 18 Mr. Ramesh Chandra Sen Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Water Resources 6-01-2009 Till Date 19 Mr. Ghulam Muhammed Quader Mini ster 6-01-2009 Ministry of Commerce 5-12-2011 Till Date 20 Mr. Hasanul Haq Inu Minister 15-09-2012 Ministry of Information 15-09-2012 Till Date 21 Mr. Muhammad Faruk Khan Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of courtly Aviation and Tourism 5-12-2011 Till Date 22 Dr. Md. Abdur Razzaque Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of viands 15-09-2012 Till Date 23 Dr. Md. Afsarul Ameen Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of primitive and Mass pedagogics 31-07-2009 Till Date 24 Dr. A. F. M. Ruhal Haque Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 6-01-2009 Till Date 25 Dr. Dipu Moni Minister 8-01-2009 Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6-01-2009 Till Date 26 Mr. Nurul Islam Nahid Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Education 6-01-2009 Till Date 27 Mr. Abdul Latif Biswas Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Fisheries and livestock 6-01-2009 Till Date 28 Mr.Shajahan Khan Minister 31-07-2009 Ministry of tape drive 31-07-2009 Till Date 29 Dr. Hasan Mahmud Minister 28-11-2011 Ministry of Environment and F orest 29-11-2011 Till Date 30 Mr. Abul Hasan Mahamood Ali Minister 15-09-2012 Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief 15-09-2012 Till Date 31 Mr. Mostafa Faruque Mohammed Minister 15-09-2012 Ministry of Information & Communication Technology 15-09-2012 Till Date 32 Mr. Md. Mazibul Hoque Minister 15-09-2012 Ministry of Railways 15-09-2012 Till Date 33 MR. H.T. imaum Adviser 7-01-2009 Public Administration Affairs 5-06-2011 Till Date 34 Dr. Mashiur Rahman Adviser 7-01-2009 Economic Adviser 22-01-2009 Till Date 35 professor Dr. Syed Modasser Ali Adviser 7-01-2009 Health & Family Welfare and Social Welfare Affairs 22-01-2009 Till Date 36 Dr. Alauddin Ahmed Adviser 7-01-2009 Education, Social Development and Political Affairs 22-01-2009 Till Date 37 Dr. Tawfiq-E-Elahi Chowdhury, BB Adviser 14-01-2009 Adviser to the Honble Prime Minister 14-01-2009 Till Date 8 Dr. Gowher Rizvi Adviser 9-07-2009 International Relations Affairs 9-07-2009 Till Date 39 urge Mostafizu r Rahman introduce Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Land 31-07-2009 Till Date 40 Capt. A B Tajul Islam (Rtd. ) claim Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Liberation War Affairs 6-01-2009 Till Date 41 Arch. Yeafesh Osman affirm Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Science and Technology 5-12-2011 Till Date 42 Begum Monnujan Sufian pronounce Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Labour Employment 6-01-2009 Till Date 43 Mr.Dipankar Talukdar extract Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs 6-01-2009 Till Date 44 Mr. Ahad Ali Sarkar postulate Minister 6-01-2009 Ministry of Youth and Sports 6-01-2009 Till Date 45 Advocate Md. Shahjahan Miah convey Minister 24-01-2009 Ministry of Religious Affairs 24-01-2009 Till Date 46 Advocate Abdul Mannan Khan State Minister 24-01-2009 Ministry of Housing and Public Works 24-01-2009 Till Date 47 Advocate Md. Kamrul Islam State Minister 24-07-2009 Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs 24-01-2009 Till Date Law and Ju stice Division 24-01-2009 Till Date Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division 24-01-2009 Till Date Parliament Secretariat 24-01-2009 Till Date 48 Advocate Shamsul Hoque Tuku State Minister 24-01-2009 Ministry of Home Affairs 31-07-2009 Till Date 49 Advocate Jahangir Kabir Nanak State Minister 24-01-2009 Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives 24-01-2009 Till Date Local Government Division 24-01-2009 Till Date Rural Development and Co-operatives Division 24-01-2009 Till Date 50 Mr.Md. Motahar Hossain State Minister 24-01-2009 Ministry of Primary and Mass Education 24-01-2009 Till Date 51 Mr. Muhammad Enamul Huq State Minister 31-07-2009 Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources 31-07-2009 Till Date Power Division 31-07-2009 Till Date Energy and Mineral Resources Division 31-07-2009 Till Date 52 Mr. Mozibur Rahman Fakir State Minister 31-07-2009 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 31-07-2009 Till Date 53 Mr. Promode Mankin State Minister 31-07-2009 Ministry of Social Welfare 16-09-2012 Till Date 54 Begum Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury State Minister 31-07-2009 Ministry of Women and Children Affairs 31-07-2009 Till Date 55 Mr. Md. Mahabubur Rahaman State Minister 31-07-2009 Ministry of Water Resources 31-07-2009 Till Date 56 Mr. Omor Faruk Chowdhury State Minister 15-09-2012 Ministry of Industries 15-09-2012 Till Date 57 Mr. Md. Abdul Hyee State Minister 15-09-2012 Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock 15-09-2012 Till Date 58 Maj. Gen. (Retd) Tarique Ahmed Siddique Adviser to the Honble Prime Minister 8-01-2009

Parenting Techniques

way Pargonnt Training on Fathers invokeing The Behavioral parent development chopines digest been developed to address child carriage problems through improvement in parenting practices. The triple P or Positive Training Program is widely reported as an effective, evidence based program for parents. However this ledger demonstrates that there are significant differences in the programs persuasiveness for mothers and fathers. The analysis on this journal demonstrates that The Positive Parenting Program shows a monolithic effectiveness on mothers while having a smaller effect on fathers parenting practices.Considering that fathers fudge a significant contrisolelyion to child development. It is now strong accepted that poor parenting practices will have significant impacts on childrens emotional and behavioral wellbeing. Parents harsh inconsistent discipline, inadequate supervision, and a inadequacy of positive relationship have been shown to increase childrens behavior pro blems and later on on in bread and butter lead to substance abuse, antisocial behavior and criminal activities.In order to strengthen parenting competencies and improve parent-child interactions a wide area of Behavioral Parent Training programs have been developed. According to the journals analysis the Positive Parenting Program is very effective when involving the mother and the father, and the children are the beneficiaries of better parenting skills. The study does not show which population the program is running(a) on therefore we have to take into consideration how can we make the proper adjustments in order to make it work for other populations.It is a known fact that mothers are more involved with the program and the children than the fathers are, but fathers are getting involved more every time. Prior agnate training programs did not focus on fathers or valued every input on it and there was very little literature for the fathers. The fathers date plays a very import ant role on the childrens life and upbringing and the fathers impact on the childs life is specialise from that of the mothers.On the one hand, fathers positive parenting (sensitive to childrens interests, backupive of their autonomy) has been identified as restrictive against externalizing problems in young children on the other hand negative training by fathers (harsh discipline, unstable presence) has been found to increase the behavior problems on some(prenominal) boys and girls. Fathers elaboration on the program improves the childs behavior and helps to support each other as parents. So the fathers involvement on the program is crucial not only for the child but the mother also.Providers take away to support the involvement of fathers in the parenting trainings. The Positive Parenting Program focuses on the participation of both the mother and father, and fathers actually benefit from the program. The Positive Parenting Program has five dollar bill levels the first leve l focuses on community media, and information on how to train with basic child problems. Level two widens individual support, providers offer advice and tips on how to deal with child issues, level three does four thirty minutes behavior counseling sessions in order to manage the progress or lack thereof.Level four was developed for children with disabilities, these sessions deal with the childs misbehavior and offer strategies for encouraging their development, and level five covers a home-based skills training sessions that offer coping with stress and emotions, marital communication support. It is designed for parents at gamble of child maltreatment it also focuses on anger management. The Positive Parent Program has been used by culturally diverse parents, multi languages, face to face, telephone, and electronic modalities with remarkable results.

Philippines: The National Achievement Test Essay

To assess and monitor the quality of staple fiber education in the Philippines, exploit shields were administered to customary naturalizes some(prenominal) elementary and secondary. These achievement tests include National Achievement political campaign (NAT), Regional Achievement Test (RAT) and Division Achievement Test (DAT). Of these three achievements tests, the NAT is the main criterion of the school performance. Meanwhile, the RAT and DAT served as preparatory assessment procedures to be equal to(p) the school to determine its readiness for the NAT. The National Achievement Test (NAT) is a Philippine-made standardized test designed to determine pupils/students achievement level, strengths and weaknesses in quintuple key curricular subject areas at the end of the school year.The NAT was genuine to measure what pupils/students in grade three, grade six and fourth stratum know and can do in five subject areas Science, Mathematics, English, Filipino, and HeKaSi (Heograpi ya, Kasaysayan at Sibika) in elementary and Araling Panlipunan in secondary level. Specifically, the test aims to 1.) provide trial-and-error information on the achievement level of pupils/students, to serve as organize for policy makers, administrators, curriculum planners , supervisors, principals and teachers in their applaudive courses of action 2.) identify and go bad variations on achievement levels across the years by region, division, school and early(a) variables and 3.) determine the rate of improvement in basic education with respect to individual schools within certain time frames. Target clienteles of this achievement test are Grade 3 students of public schools, Grade 6 students both public and private schools (census) and Year 4 students both in public and private schools (census). It is composed of 310 items divided into learning areas such as Science, Mathematics, English, Filipino, Araling Panlipunan, confirming critical thinking.

Human Resources Information System Essay

A forgiving Resources Management System (HRMS) or Human Resources Information System (HRIS), refers to the administrations and processes at the intersection between gay alternative counselling (HRM) and info technology. It merges HRM as a discipline and in particular its basic HR activities and processes with the teaching technology field, whereas the programming of selective information processing outlines evolved into standardized routines and packages of attempt resource planning (ERP) softw atomic number 18 system. On the whole, these ERP systems have their origin on software that integrates information from different application programs into one universal database.The linkage of its financial and pitying resource facultys finished one database is the most important distinction to the respectively and proprietary get under ones skined predecessors, which makes this software application both rigid and flexible. thither are approximately 36 vendors of HRMS software i n the U. S. and Canada1. The function of military personnel resources (HR) departments is generally administrative and common to all organizations. Organizations may have formalized selection, evaluation, and grantroll processes. Efficient and effective direction of human capital progressed to an more and more imperative and complex process.The HR function consists of docking existing employee data which traditionally includes personal histories, skills, capabilities, accomplishments and salary. To reduce the manual workload of these administrative activities, organizations began to electronically automate many of these processes by introducing specialized human resource management systems. HR executives rely on internal or external IT professionals to develop and maintain an integrated HRMS. Before the clientserver architecture evolved in the late 1980s, many HR automation processes were relegated to mainframe computers that could handle full-grown amounts of data transactions .In consequence of the high capital investment undeniable to buy or program proprietary software, these internally developed HRMS were trammel to organizations that possessed a large amount of capital. The advent of clientserver, application service fork outr, and software as a service (SaaS) or human resource management systems enabled increasingly higher administrative control of much(prenominal) systems. Currently human resource management systems hidecitation needed1. Payroll 2. Time and attention 3. Performance estimation 4.Benefits administration 5. HR management information system 6. Recruiting/Learning management 7. Performance record 8. Employee self-service 9. Scheduling 10. absence seizure management 11. Analytics The payroll module automates the pay process by concourse data on employee time and attending, calculating various deductions and taxes, and generating periodic pay cheques and employee tax reports. Data is generally fed from the human resources and tim e guardianship modules to calculate automatic deposit and manual cheque writing capabilities.This module can encompass all employee-related transactions as well as integrate with existing financial management systems. The time and attendance module gathers standardized time and work related efforts. The most advanced modules nominate broad flexibility in data collection methods, labor dispersal capabilities and data analysis features. Cost analysis and efficiency metrics are the primary functions. The benefits administration module provides a system for organizations to administer and furrow employee participation in benefits programs.These typically encompass insurance, compensation, profit sharing and retirement. The HR management module is a component covering many another(prenominal) HR aspects from application to retirement. The system records basic demographic and address data, selection, fostering and development, capabilities and skills management, compensation plannin g records and other related activities. Leading edge systems provide the ability to read applications and enter relevant data to applicable database fields, fire employers and provide position management and position control.Human resource management function involves the recruitment, placement, evaluation, compensation and development of the employees of an organization. Initially, businesses used computer based information systems to * produce pay checks and payroll reports * maintain personnel records * pursue gift management. Online recruiting has become one of the primary methods employed by HR departments to gain potential candidates for available positions within an organization. Talent management systems typically encompass * analyzing personnel usage within an organization spoting potential applicants * recruiting through company-facing listings * recruiting through online recruiting sites or publications that market to both recruiters and applicants. The significant co st incurred in maintaining an organise recruitment effort, cross-posting within and across general or industry-specific job boards and maintaining a competitive exposure of availabilities has given rise to the development of a use applicant tracking system, or ATS, module.The training module provides a system for organizations to administer and track employee training and development efforts. The system, normally called a eruditeness management system (LMS) if a stand alone product, allows HR to track education, qualifications and skills of the employees, as well as outlining what training courses, books, CDs, web based accomplishment or materials are available to develop which skills.Courses can then be offered in date specific sessions, with delegates and training resources being mapped and managed within the similar system. Sophisticated LMS allow managers to approve training, budgets and calendars alongside behaveance management and appraisal metrics. The employee self-ser vice module allows employees to query HR related data and perform some HR transactions over the system. Employees may query their attendance record from the system without asking the information from HR personnel.The module likewise lets supervisors approve O. T. requests from their subordinates through the system without overloading the task on HR department. more organizations have gone beyond the traditional functions and developed human resource management information systems, which support recruitment, selection, hiring, job placement, performance appraisals, employee benefit analysis, health, caoutchouc and security, while others integrate an outsourced applicant tracking system that encompasses a subset of the above. assigning Responsibilities Communication between the Employees. The Analytics module enables organizations to extend the value of an HRMS implementation by extracting HR related data for use with other business password platforms. For example, organizations c ombine HR metrics with other business data to identify trends and anomalies in headcount in order to better predict the furbish up of employee turnover on future output.

Visual Merchandising

optical Merchandising Visual Merchandising is very grave because the first impression of the product or line on the node is by opthalmicizing. If the impression is positive then customers attract to the stash away. A store must have the inviting appearance to the customers. Objectives of Visual Merchandising Objective of visual merchandise is to attract the customers to your business in order to sell the merchandise. The principal(prenominal) objective is to benefit the customers feel comfortable and eager to buy. Essential of Visual Merchandising * intragroup FloorDesignand Display. * Space and Signage. * window Display. as wellls determination for Visual Merchandising Audio-Visual Displays. * Decoration and Props. * Signage and Graphics. The presentation in visual trade falls into two categories mainly 1. out-of-door Presentations. 2. Interior Presentations. Exterior Presentations The arithmetic mean of a store is a major determinant for a customer. erect exterior pre sentation attracts heed, creates interest and invites the customer into business. It involves exterior signs, banners and window display. Exterior Signs A store sign is its signature which tells the customers that what type of the business and what it sells. In less than 10sec the sign must attract attention.Banners Banners are used to gross revenue promotion. It should be very colorful and eye catching. Window Display or so products should be placed on a stores window. Window display should attract attention, create interest and invite people into the store to purchase goods. New displays indicate new up-to-date merchandise is available. Interior Presentations An other(a) way of the merchandising is through interior display that in effect show merchandise to the customers. The purpose of doing this is to develop interest for the merchandise. It involves color ascendent and images, lighting, props and fixtures. Researchers found that 64. % of all purchase decision was made inwar dly a store. Three goals of store are- 1. Motivate the customers to spend money 2. protect the image of the store 3. Keep expenses to minimum food colour and Lighting Color in a display can catch eye and make people pause and look. The overall color combination can impress the atmosphere of a store. Lighting is essential in calling attention to merchandise in a display. Customers eye is draw automatically to the brightest area. Props and Fixtures A display prop is not for sale, it is beneficial used with a product in a display to sort out the function of the product being sold.Merchandise and Fixture Display Recommendations Goods can be effectively displayed on a variety of fixtures such as tables, cubes, racks and other display cases. Movable shelves from all sides used in self-service sell stores to display merchandise. They can be lined up in stores as grocery or hardware stores. Errors Commonly Occurring in Display * Too much merchandise * Too little merchandise * Too um pteen props * Poorly selected props * Display changed to seldom * Limited or no display budget * Lack of attention to detail

Code of Ethics Steve Madden

Code of Ethics All employees, officers and directors of Steven Madden, Ltd. argon responsible for conducting themselves in compliance with this Code of Business Conduct and Ethics other policies of the beau monde and applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Comp whatever adopted the Code in order to assist the Company and its employees, officers and directors with the Companys goals of conducting its business and affairs in consistency with applicable laws, rules and regulations and maintaining the highest standards of ethical conduct, fair dealing and honesty.The Company also expects that any consultants or other service providers it retains will adhere to the Code. In reservation employment and personnel decisions, the Company employment decisions must be found only on an employees or applicants qualifications, demonstrate skills and achievements without regard to race, color, sex, religion, national origin, age, disability, veteran status, citizenship, sexual orientation, gender identity or marital status. In carrying out the Companys business, employees, officers and directors may say mystic or proprietary education about the Company or third parties.Employees, officers and directors must maintain the orphicity of all culture entrusted to them, except when revelation is authorized or legally mandated. Confidential or proprietary information includes, for example, any private information concerning the Company, including its business, properties, financial performance, results or prospects, and any nonpublic information provided by a third party with the expectation or contractual agreement that the information will be kept confidential and used solely for the business purpose for which it was conveyed.Employees, officers and directors are required to hold from unauthorized access and public view documents under their control that keep in line confidential or proprietary information. When such(prenominal) information is discarded, appropria te move must be proceedsn to ensure proper and complete destruction. In addition, employees, officers and directors are prohibited from taking confidential or proprietary information with them upon termination of employment with the Company or from using or disclosing such information for any purpose lsewhere, including with a different employer or company. any(prenominal) confidential or proprietary information must be straight off returned to the Company upon termination of employment or affiliation with the Company. Key points are to conduct business within the laws, rules and guidelines as set forth by the company. This includes business handling, employees and proprietary information. All information should be kept confidential and not to be sold or disseminated. And do not take information when you leave the company or are terminated.

Case Study Formal And Informal Assessments Education Essay

Formal and inner appraisals atomic number 18 2 specific processs that teachers engage to measurement and count their scholars. Both formal and informal formative appraisals involve assemblage, interpretation, and move on reading ( Ruiz-Primo & A Furtak,2004, p. 4 ) . Formal appraisals atomic number 18 alike(p) bear witnesss phthisisd by a province to reflect on suspect class degree to mensurate a savant s faculty member abilities. These shields be administered in the same manner all cut back with a clip limitation and instructions to how the test should be graded. In contrast, informal appraisals argon exams or activities designed to specially reexamine or elevate educatee s apprehension on a legitimate faculty member topic taught by their instructor. I will be discoursing the improvement and detriment for two different signifiers of formal appraisal and four types of informal appraisals methods.The two formal appraisals be average-referenced and c riterion-referenced. Norm-referenced are standardised trials and are linked to entomb single differences ( Gargiulo, 2008, p.65 ) . This trial compares the learner s accomplishment to another(prenominal) learners in the similar age group. Statistical method is used to find how the educatee did. For illustration foremost grade pupils were tested and the result is used in a statistical method. You would be up to(p) to see how each pupil ranked. For illustration, Jon scored at the fiftieth percentile among his category.There are values and outrages in utilizing norm referenced proving. One advantage to this method is it can find whether a pupil whitethorn guide particular services. For illustration, if the pupil scores less(prenominal) than standard norm for reading, they will have particular services to garter them in this topic. another(prenominal) advantage to this method is it allows parents to see how their kid s academic consequences are compared to their equals. For illustration, Julie performs at 86 percentile in her category. This heart that Julie performed better than 86 % from her schoolmates. As there are advantages, there are disadvantages. One disadvantage to this method is it dwells of wide academic information and may non dwell of current schoolroom content. some other disadvantage is it does non to the full mother a pupil s academic abilities on job resolution, close devising, societal accomplishments, nor their ability elaborate on certain subject.In contrast, Criterion-referenced trials are associated with intra single differences and can fork out informations that is utile for instructional planning ( Gargiulo, 2008, p.66 ) . For illustration, a math job is given to a pupil to see if the pupil is able to add two digit Numberss. The result is purely run aground on whether the pupil did or did non serve the job right. The first advantage to this trial is it can compare a pupils single public entry from their old 1. For i llustration, April s current trial indicated her reading accomplishments have change from last one-fourth. April s consequences are non compared to how good she did among her schoolmates alternatively it compares to her single promotional material. another(prenominal) advantage to this trial it can help a instructor to deem out each pupil s academic strengths and failing. A instructor can steer and delegate extra precaution in the countries where pupils wish betterment. The ruin to this method is it can non compare student academic public presentation to other schools or territories. For illustration, a instructor will non be able to compare her pupil s success to other categories nor to other schools. Another disadvantage is making a valid test for pupils. Planing an test needs to run into specific criterions plus it s clip destroy for instructors to work around their day-to-day duties.The followers are the four types of informal appraisals that can be used in a schoolroom whi ch are an canvass test, a schoolroom spunky, walk around method, and a duplex pick test.The first informal appraisal is an essay test. Essay tests are inquiries based on a certain lesson or subject where a pupil needs to yield a indite state. Depending on the test instructions pupils may merely necessitate to compose a gallus of paragraphs or several pages in length. The following are two advantages in utilizing an essay test to prove pupils. First, pupils have the chance to channelise their ideas and read their degree of comprehension on a certain question. The 2nd advantage, pupils swallow to build and analyse how to reply each inquiry. For illustration, the direction on the essay says to delight explicate the difference between a mammal and an amphibious. The pupil foremost needs to analyse the differences between the two species and so concept illustrations to lucubrate on the inquiry. An issue does stand for itself this type of method is clip devour for both the pu pil and instructor. The pupils need plentifulness of clip to reply and compose an essay and the instructor needs clip to measure and rate each paper. The 2nd disadvantage, instructors must be cognizant of their prejudices when composing a inquiry where pupils need to hold or differ on a certain subject. This disadvantage may acquire in the manner of evaluate documents accurately. A instructor needs to be cognizant of their prejudice and establish their scaling on the pupils response non if they agree or disagree with their pupil.Another informal manner to measure a pupil s advancement is a schoolroom game. A Classroom game creates an chance for pupils to use their cognition and encourages them to larn. For illustration, the category is divided into four groups to play a game of Jeopardy. The game of Jeopardy consists of inquiries on a certain academic topic. An advantage to this method is it promotes concerted acquisition. Students are larning how to interact, collaborate, and work together with their equals to reply inquiries. work together provides positive supports for pupils to develop societal accomplishments and trust among their squad members. Another advantage it motivates pupils to use their ain cognition and retain new information as they play the game. A game will maintain pupils watchful and encourages engagement which will take to larning. Since pupils are divided into groups non every pupil is take parting or join forcesing on every inquiry and this is downfall to this method. Even though each pupil has an chance to reply a inquiry, the group is judged as a whole non the single cognition to every inquiry but the 1s they answer. Another disadvantage to this method does non supply plenty feedback to a instructor to find which pupils needs extra aid in groking the current topic.The 3rd informal appraisal is the walk-around. This appraisal requires the instructor to interact with each pupil as they work together as a group or distributively. The instructor is actively observant and aid pupils to remain on undertaking. The advantage to this method it allows the instructor to interact with pupils separately or as a group to reply any concerns or help them in understanding their assignment. The 2nd advantage is the 1 on one conference. The instructor uses the 1 on one conference to come up to to the pupils for five or ten proceedingss. This conference offers attending, and extra aid in instructions for pupils ( Cole,1999, p.4 ) . This type of interaction physiques trust and improves the communicating between instructor and pupil. A downside to walk around appraisal is giving each pupil or groups the same sum of clip to reply inquiries or concerns. Since every pupil or groups have different inquiries, some may necessitate extra aid than others. This may do some behavior issues or detain some pupils in finishing their assignment. Another issue is doing certain every pupil understands the stuff or lending their work to their group. The instructor needs to give every pupil an chance to speak and show they understand the assignment.Last, the multiple-choice trial is another appraisal used in a schoolroom. Multiple pick trials consist of inquiries and a list of realistic replies for each inquiry. An upside to this method pupils begin to entree their cognition and use it to every inquiry by extinguishing deceptive picks. This method is too an advantage for instructors every bit good. The scaling is less clip devouring than other methods and easier to contract down where the pupils are holding troubles. A disadvantage for pupils is it may do them some confusion or defeat when the tests are ill written. Poor written exams consist of slippery options to take from, for sheath holding two possible replies. The 2nd disadvantage for pupils is non being able to understand a inquiry. This may take the pupils to think on replies they are non able to grok due to reading troubles or a hapless written test. This may take to inappropriate mark on the pupil s advancement or cognition.In decision, both formal and informal appraisals consist of advantages and disadvantages that a instructor should see and understand before administering these appraisals. Appraisals are undeniable to nail pupil s academic strengths and failings. This allows a instructor to supply extra aid to pupils that are fighting. Without appraisals instructors will non be able to flop evaluate and assist pupils.

Philosophy of Education for Foundations of Education Essay

Introduction Education is an ongoing edge based upon experience. The old adage you take up something new e actu tout ensembleyday is very true, and nothing fascinates me to a greater extent than simply talking to other hatful you dejection get word so much from them. Education is the foundation of our Ameri nookie society, and the children of now are the future of our country, plainly educating them is not enough we must be beneficial spot bewilders and present a system of morals and set in our schoolrooms. Our objective in education is directly related to the brotherly sciences in that the schoolroom is a microcosm of our society.As teachers we try to lay down our educatees for real- orb situations. Interacting socially, communication effectively and visiting other peoples emotions, feelings and points of view go forth garter our students spread out into productive and understanding adults. Howard Gardner wrote about multiple intelligences, which I think is a hu ge step in improving the schoolroom environment and lesson plans to entangle ways that every angiotensin-converting enzyme can learn (Tomlinson, 2002). He identified eight contrary ways to be smart that traditional IQ tests would not show.This model allows students to excel in these categories with different types of instruction, such as vocal ability, referred to as the linguistic intelligence, or the ability to play an instrument, referred to as the melodious intelligence (Johnson et al. , 2005). My schoolroom ordain be entertaining, first and fore roughly. I understand the material I am teaching elementary school children, but de seering that material effectively depends on how they feel about school. Motivating children and getting them excited about education is not forever and a day easy, but it is a key ingredient to a successful classroom.As a manly entering the elementary education field I understand my role as a possible father figure (Kindlon and Thompson, 199 9) and recognize the importance. I want to make a difference in the world, and I take to no get out way than through the efforts of education. Definition of Philosophy From the spatial relation of a future educator, I see myself-importance identifying with the qualities of existentialism the most. This theory can be gravely to explain at times because it relies so heavily on the meaning we impose on our lives through education, an root word that cannot be expressed in a limited amount of words and one that differs from individual to individual.Existentialism is routed in the fact that our lives are meaningless we live in a meaningless world and a meaningless plosive speech sound of time no different than any other. In essence, the quest to start meaning in our lives defines our bread and butter. A large part of this view is the idea that we are all free, an idea embraced in America but not typically recognized throughout the world or throughout history. given up this, our freedom allows us to make choices and these choices define us. The remainder of the teacher through this philosophy is not to teach freedom, but to embrace it.Tracking, measurement and standardization homogenize the classroom, whereas our goal as teachers is to individualize the classroom and raise a healthy student-teacher relationship. The students feelings are important and we should not compare ourselves to an ideal self but who we rattling are, and education is the jibe that fills the gaps of understanding this. Because I lead yet to become a teacher, I am not kind of sure how and in what ways measurement and standardization negatively relate the classroom, but I am aware of the separation and animosity created my tracking. get the students to think positively about themselves will foster healthy learning and create a positive self-esteem that will drive them to learn both in the classroom and through questioning on their own. Sparking that tone-beginning is the idea b ehind existentialism, and in a world where we are basically meaningless, it is up to us as teachers to inspire our students to grasp the freedom they have, bestow meaning into their life, and use that excitement to find meaning in all that they do.Also, in sparking critical thinking, students will engage in a attentive and reflective process similar to Blooms taxonomy where a deem of levels of learning are happening, dependent on how information in the classroom affects them and their existence as well as essence. Another important tool we can use to define our philosophy as a teacher is the Ways of Knowing. I feel like I identify most with the Eastern Way of Knowing, particularly the Chinese thought because of the emphasis on moral development.Understanding facts and theories is important in education, but sometimes it is hard to distinguish what is actually necessary from what is trivial. Preaching morals allows us to delight in others, particularly elders, and gain from thei r knowledge, something that cannot always be taught in the classroom. Also, it will foster a more(prenominal) productive and peaceful society, one that is the best to learn in. Confucianism and Taoism play a large role in this type of discriminating as well, and the reliance on harmony can be compared to the guide for smooth transitions in the field of education.Although Confucius implemented the need for rules and standards, contradictory to my flavour in existentialism, he has influenced society and education in particular for thousands of years. These rules help keep life orderly and efficient, and the success of Chinese government, business and family life can be attributed to this as well as the harmony between the three. Taoism affects the Chinese thought by suggesting that we should leave things alone and not cart individual(prenominal) desires onto the way things will naturally occur.This eliminates the need for competition and is more consistent with the existentialis t view. Competition can be good in many ways, but when comparing students we must be careful and considerate. in that respect is no place in the classroom for making anyone feel inferior, and I feel more strongly about that than any other construction of teaching right now. In relation to morals and respect, I will never allow a student to think they are go bad than any other student, and hopefully using this method will prepare them for life in the real world, where manners and morals can actually take you pretty far.Even if its not for achievement, preaching this will promote self-improvement and a genuine compassion for other students, which is what I strive for in the classroom. Based on the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and rooted in existentialism, humanism is the educational approach that I fell closest too. secular humanism makes the assumption that we are essentially born good and that children enter the world not as a blank slate, but with innate qualities and disposi tions. uniform and nearly identical to existentialism, humanism stresses the role of individualism in the classroom and says that society turns people evil. Group-oriented education is rejected because it weakens the student-teacher relationship, limits self-actualization (based on the students feelings), and measures students as objects, effectively doing away with the individual self. Teachers involving humanism in the classroom look for student interests as guidelines for instruction and assessment and even go as far as letting the students pick the material and activities.Students come across their own opinions through divergent thinking and should not be influenced by the teachers views. Eastern influences on Humanism are also prevalent, as people should be looked at as valuable individuals that deserve respect, not as objects to be manipulated, described by the I-Thou and I-It example, respectively. I am an optimist the glass is always half full. Therefore, I strongly believe that people are created equally, good and free. Society can have a negative impact on individuals, but it can also have a positive impact.Our goal as teachers is to become that positive force and to let every student know that we care about them as individuals. The book cites how a college classroom can consist of more than one-hundred students, leaving know room for a personal relationship with the professor. One of the main reasons I came to W and J was for that small school feel where I could have a personal relationship with my professors I feel like I do better in my classes and that I also learn more and feel more confident about my abilities.If we can achieve this goal, rather than making our students retributory a number, we will truly succeed as educators. References Johnson, J. A. , Musial, D. , Hall, G. E. , Gollnick, D. M. , & Dupuis, V. L. (2005). Introduction to the foundations of American education (pp. 448). Boston Allyn& Bacon. Kindlon, D. , & Thompson M. (1999). Raising Cain Protecting the emotional life of boys (pp. 333). freshly York Ballentine. Tomlinson, C. A. (2002). Different learners, different lessons. Scholastic Instructor, 9, 21, 24-26, 91.

Women’s Employment and The Phenomenon of Dual Breadwinners in Canada

end-to-end the early parts of Canadian history, Canadian wo hands assistd only as wives and m other(a)s where they sh argond the reservations of motherhood, the tasks and responsibilities of managing their home, and the vocation of serving their families (Errington 7). Throughout this century, crowd or piece of work was signifi shagtly divided based on gender. As Elizabeth Jane Errington wrote, workforce hunted, worked the fields, and tended to the heavy outdoor chores. Wo manpower kept the home, raised the children, and provided the diet and clothing needed for daily subsistence (8). Regardless of their economic perspective, women were limited to producing pricys and run for their sign of the zodiacs. They were tasked to clean the house, cook food for the family and worked on a routine mob chore. Thus the lives of Canadian women were dictated by the cycles of pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation (Errington 11). During the twentieth century, women were n unrivaledtheless d iscriminated in traffic.There were opuss of un extend to holds amid men and women workers wherein mens salary is further virtually above than womens salary. However, during the 1950s to 1960s, the new usance statutes in Canada were formed to prevent discrimination in troth relation back to race, religion, and gender. For instance, the first Canadian Bill of Rights has enclosed equal employment luck for all Canadians regardless of their gender, thereby prescribing equal pay for men and women. However, this note failed to address the employment condition of the disadvantaged radical.Thus, in 1970s, brought by increase pressure from minority and women group, the federal g everywherenment instituted special programs that would improve the employment view of both(prenominal) groups. In 1977, the Legislature passed the Canadian Human Rights telephone number which aimed to protect Canadians from discrimination based on ten grounds race, subject bea ethnic origin, color, relig ion, age, sex, marital lieu, family status, disability and conviction for offence for which a libe point has been granted (Human Resources and Skills Development Canada HRSDC).Six years later, the Royal Commission on Equality in Employment (RCEE) was founded to advance equal employment opportunities with methods deemed as al more or less accomplishmentive, efficient, and equitable. This activity was delegated to indivithreefolds with disabilities, aboriginal peoples, minority persons and women. The followers year, appraise Rosalie Abella released the report of this commission which turn to the problem relating to employment disadvantage. This report served as an instrument in the creation of Employment lawfulness be in 1986, the purpose of which is toAchieve equating in the workplace so that no person shall be denied employment opportunities or benefits for reasons unrelated to ability and, in the fulfillment of the goals, to correct the conditions of disadvantage in emp loyment experient by women, Aboriginal peoples, persons with disabilities, and visible minority people by giving effect to the principle that employment equity means much than treating persons in the like way but overly requires special measures and the accommodation of differences. (HRSDC)Ever since this put to work was instituted, the number of womens employment increase signifi bunstly, almost causing women to maintain equal partage of employment with mens employment. Considering a family where both a father and a mother atomic number 18 diligent, dual breadwinners live be mother a trend in most family living in Canada. As the Canadian Human Rights Commission (CHRC), referring to equal pay betwixt men and women, noted Canadian women welcome achieved considerable progress towards equation in the past few decades but atomic number 18 electrostatic far from having reached full substantive par. Current Trend in Employment fair play A report on Womens Employment From 2005 to 2006, womens representation in employment remained steady at 42. 7 portion. In 2005, the percentage of womens representation in the private sector was 43. 3 percent, while in 2006, it was at 43.1. At the public sector, womens representation was at 41. 7 percent in 2005, while in 2006, womens employment was 42. 1 percent. Although, womens employment is significantly high, it remained below the availability in both the public sectors and private sector with a total 48. percentage (HRDC). In the federally regulated private sector, most women found employment in the banking sector with 134,274 women population or 68. 4 percent in 2006. another(prenominal) private sectors where women have representations argon in communications, with 88,398 employed women or 40. 8 percent transportation with 38,949 women employees or 24. 5 percent and others with 14,783 women representation or 30. 2 percent (HRSDC). Meanwhile, the number of women based on their selected occupational group is also noticeable with a total of 44. percent in 2006, wherein women who atomic number 18 employed as senior manager was 22. 2 percent centre and other managerial level at 44. 2 percent professionals at 46. 3 percent and Employment Equity Occupational Groups at 44. 7 percent. Compargond to the employment equity data in 2001 wherein women employment based on occupational group is summed up to 45. 3 percent, womens representation is get in 2005 where verbalise total percentage was at 44. 5. Yet, it increased with . 2 percent as compared to the previous year (2008) (HRDC n. p. ).Furthermore, according to a report from job Force Survey (LFS), the total number of employment in Canada has declined in March 2009, recording an estimated 61,000 unemployed. This marked the highest unemployment come in of 8. 0 percent as compared to 2001 where unemployment roll is only at 0. 3 percent. Employment losses are common among men ages 25 to 54 with 7. 7 percent unemployment rate, and the yout h ages 15 to 24 with 14. 8 percent unemployment rate. In discriminate to 7. 7 percent unemployment rate among men between the ages 25 and 54, the percentage of unemployed women in the same age bracket was at 5. percent (Statistics Canada 7). Employment of men whose age ranges from 25 to 54 was at 7,236. 6 (in thousands) while employment among women in the same age bracket was at 7,246. 5 (in thousands) recorded in March 2009 (Statistic Canada 24).Increased in unemployment rate was due to the financial crisis that faced the world economy where Canada is one of the most affected countries. Looking at the figures, one may assume that women are claiming equal distribution of employment among men. Also noticeable is the low unemployment rate among women (5. %) as compared to men (7. 7%). This only indicates that women are participating actively (by being employed) in both public and private sectors in Canada. roughly Canadian women are now becoming familys breadwinners. Employment Eq uity for Women is not yet in Full Substance Many changes have occurred concerning womens representation in the federal government of Canada. Aside from application force participation, Canadian women also found themselves actively participating in electoral federal voting (Erickson and ONeill 375).According to Erickson and ONeill, factors much(prenominal) as increase in levels of education, occupational segregation, and lower pay judge incited Canadian women to cast their vote on people, party, or policy that aims for women equality with men. Armed with these struggles, Canadian women are now seeking for a fairer discussion in the workplace. grammatical gender-sensitive groups petition for creating policies that would provide equal pay, treatment, and opportunities for women seeking for employment and those who are already working.They also urge the federal government to stop frenzy against women which are often manifested in the form of spousal and sexual assaults. Although th e status of Canadian women has significantly developed from being housekeepers to becoming senior managers, equality between men and women in the workplace is not yet richly realized and implemented. As the CHRC noted, For instance, in 2000, the average employment income for full-time pistillate employees working year-round was 70. 8% of the income of male workers. Aside from the employment income, other factors such as gender, ethnic origin, race, and disability contributed to the economic disadvantage of Canadian women. As has been stated, gender-based violence in the form of spousal and sexual assaults also prohibits the substantive equality of men and women (CHRC). With regard to nature of employment, although the employment rate of Canadian women has increased, they are more likely to be hired in irregular and temporary work as compared to men (Cranford, Vosko, and Zukewich 456).This indicates that Canadian women are more exposed to negative employment environment such as li mited benefits and statutory entitlements, low lucre, job insecurity, low job tenure, deplorable working conditions, and high risks of being sick (Cranford et al. 456). Many critics blamed the feminization of employment norm which caused the erosion of the standard employment relationship which thus led to the spread of non-standard forms of employment that exhibit qualities of unstable employment often experienced by most Canadian women (Cranford et al. 56). The suppuration of non-standard employment began in eighties and is continuously being practiced in the country. Furthermore, the feminization of employment standards was said to be brought by the following factors occupational and industrial segregation increased number of women participating in formal labor force the gendering of jobs to allow more laborers and occupational and income division between and among men and women (Cranford et al. 460). Looking at this employment trend, it seems that Canadian women are still victims of inequality.In fact, many studies confirm that the reason why most Canadian women working on a part-time and temporary basis is because they are being obliged to come their chore of care giving for their family. As Cranford and associates put it Over-representation of women in more precarious forms of employment is shaped by continuous gender inequalities in households resulting in womens greater responsibilities for unpaid domestic work compared to men (460).Thus, although most Canadian women are now taking their part as breadwinners of the family, they are still more bound by their household responsibilities as compared to men. Women Employment and Dual Breadwinners With the increasing number of women receiving higher levels of education, particularly those who are able to finish their college degrees, most of them are finding their chance to be employed in a high paying job. Being highly paid, these women are no longer concerned with the financial support that would co me from their spouses.Most of them are interested in becoming successful in their chosen career. Such womens aggressiveness often results in bring home higher income as compared to their husband. However, over time, the phenomenon of dual breadwinners in most households across the globe has been bombarded with different issues relating to gender roles, equality, economic status, and others. It has been perceived that when a woman (particularly married woman) starts to work and serve as the breadwinner of their family, indirectly, the tendency is that later, she would scourge her role as a wife and as a mother.As Dr. Gail Saltz wrote For some couples, having the woman make more money than the man creates an unsurmountable problem. Some men feel emasculated if their wives are the primitive breadwinners and they are asked to take on more household chores and additional childcare responsibilities. And some women feel resentful if they not only shoulder most of the households financi al obligations, but also are expected to sever up the lions share of the domestic responsibilities.Moreover, living in a society that associates money with power, most people believe that the one who brings home more money automatically would lead or shadow the members of the family. Yet, the positive effect of womens employment and the event of dual breadwinners can be observed in the progress of the economic and financial status of each household where both parents are employed and are receiving good income. Women Breadwinners in CanadaOne of the most radical changes in Canadian employment condition brought by the passage of Employment Equity Act was the growth of dual-earner husband-wife families as early as in 1960s. Statistics Canada identified that the increased in add up of dual-earner couples during the past years was brought by the growth in numbers of wives who serving as the main wage earner in the family. In 1967, it was recorded that approximately 11 percent of marri ed women were earning more than their spouses.In 2003, this percentage had nearly tripled, recording 29 percent increase on the number of women serving as prime breadwinners. Findings revealed that wives serving as primary breadwinners have an income of approximately $41,200 in 2003 compared to $57,800 income of their male counterparts (Statistics Canada). Although it has been noted that there are a considerable number of Canadian women who serve as primary breadwinners, Statistic Canada noted that primary-earner married women are receiving an income that is less than the income of primary-earner husband.Thus, families with wives as primary breadwinners are noted to lag behind the families with husbands serving as primary breadwinner. As stated in Statistic Canada report, Family incomes in which the wife was the primary breadwinner averaged $74,000 in 2003, compared with $86,000 for families in which the husband was the primary earner. In addition, on average, primary-earner wives contributed less to family income than primary-earner husbands. Employment earnings of primary-earner wives represented just over half of their familys income, while the earnings of primary-earner husbands corresponded to two-thirds.Analyzing this development, it can be assumed that although most Canadian women had found their place in labor sectors, there are still factors which serve as barriers for women to stupefy the primary breadwinners of their families. Analysis and Conclusion Although womens employment had increased over time and that there are a significant number of women who serve as familys breadwinners, women have not yet reached an equal status with men nor replaced them as the primary earner in many families in Canada.One of the factors contributing to such trend is related to the amount of income being suck upd by most employed women. Although the Employment Equity Act encouraged equal pay between men and women, most companies in Canada still give higher income, b enefits, and incentives to male workers due to perceived work hazard where male workers are more exposed. Another reason is that most women are engaged in low paying job. Although there are some who work as managers and high professionals, many women are employed in blue-collar occupations such as clerical, secretarial, service, and sales jobs where the salary is low.Men who are employed in blue-collar jobs receive higher pay than men because of the nature of their work which require strong physical attributes. Moreover, though there are a large number of women employed in both private and public sectors, the tenure of their employment could not guaranty high earnings. In addition, most women are more often receive part-time, temporary, or contractual jobs as compared to a large number of men working as full-time employees. Being employed as part-time worker prohibits women to receive more benefits and incentives being given to full-time employees.With these conditions, the followi ng conditions of employed women in Canada can be inferred (1) equity and equality between men and women has not yet reached its full substantive goal (2) Canadian women are still victims of male dominion both in family and labor affairs (3) Canadian women are still struggling to have an equal status with Canadian men as primary breadwinners and (4) Canadian women still need to encourage the federal government to create a more effective and efficient policy addressing the issues of inequality between men and women by enclosing all the aspects of living (economic, social, political and cultural).Only when these conditions are addressed properly will Canadian women receive their equal share in all aspects of living among with men. Meanwhile, the positive effects of womens employment and phenomenon of dual breadwinners in Canada are (1) women are able to contribute to the budget of the family and (2) families with dual breadwinners are more likely to progress economically and financiall y.Works CitedCanadian Human Rights Commission. Social Equality in Canada A Submission from the Canadian Human Rights Commission to the United Nations Human Rights Council as part of the worldwide Periodic Review (UPR). 4 Dec. 2008. 1 whitethorn 2009. .Cranford, Cynthia J., Leah F. Vosko, and Nancy Zukewich. The Gender of trembling Employment in Canada. Industrial Relations 58 (2003) 454-482.Erickson, Lynda and Brenda ONeill. The Gender Gap and the Changing Woman Voter in Canada. International political Science Review 23 (2002) 373-392.Errington, Elizabeth Jane. Wives and mothers, schoolmistresses and scullery maids working women in Upper Canada, 1790-1840. Montreal McGill-Queens University Press, 1995.Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. History of Employment Equity. 16 Sept. 2003. 1 May 2009. .. Employment Equity Act Annual Report 2007 Chapter 1 Women. 18 Jul. 2008. 1 May 2009. .Saltz, Gail. Women as Breadwinners? MSNBC.com. 24 Jan. 2007. 1 May 2009. Statistics Canada. Labor Force Information. 9 Apr. 2009. 1 May 2009. .. Study Wives as first-string Breadwinners. 23 Aug. 2006. 1 May 2009.